Light and colour

Are cardinal in the manner we Light and coloring materials have the ability to hold a profound consequence on the we perceive and synergistic with our environment, set uping us holistically, in head, organic structure, and spirit. Changing the manner we experience infinite, altering our perceptual experience of spacial definition and proportion. Light and color service as mediums for communicating and information. They aid orientation and influence motion ; differentiate infinite, set up hierarchy and indicate map ; conveys symbolic messages ; they are an look of the Zeitgeist and link us to the universe in which we live. Light and coloring materials have major impacts on our psychologically act uponing our emotion, feeling and making associations, physiologically impacting on our wellbeing on both a ocular and non ocular footing.Piturity secretory organ etc. ?One would normally tie in the above entirely with the sense of sight but both light and color induce synaesthesia, arousing associations with senses such as gustatory sensation, odor, kinaesthesia, temperature and harmonizing to some even consequence our perceptual experience of clip. The manner we comprehend and experience visible radiation and color it more complex than a simple optical stimulation. Our perceptual experience is a consequence of interplay of both physiological and the psychological factors in the witting and subconscious. We have many prepossessions and prepossessions and visible radiation and coloring material which can be formed through personal experience, be a consequence of cultural influences and/or eduction or be portion of familial make up, developed over 1000000s of twelvemonth of development. There are six basic interdependent factors which combine to give us are perceptual experience of visible radiation and coloring material, biological reactions ; the corporate unconscious ; witting symbolism and association ; cultural and idiosyncrasies ; tendencies, manners and manners ; and personal relationships and factorsBiological Chemical reactionOur biological reactions occurs non merely as a consequence of the ocular tract. Light and therefore color aslo consequence us a through nervous tract or ‘energitic ‘ tract. Through the energietic tract visible radiation and coloring material stiumli are carried straight to the encephalon and onto the pineal and putrity secretory organs, which control the production of endocrines. This in bend can consequence the likes of, metamorphosis, blood force per unit area, emphasis and aggression.The Collective Unconsciousthe corporate unconscious refers to perceptual experience which is non rationalised by our witting ideas or our ain personal experiences. Harmonizing to Jungian psycholgy â€Å" the corporate unconscious is the portion of our psche that has nil to make with witting or unconscious reaction based on personal experience amessed during our life clip † The corporate unconscious consists of architypes, aboriginal and latent images, feelings and associations, in our gentic do up. Sensitivities devloped thorugh 1000000s of old ages development and the development of our species and do us to construe the environment in same manner our predecessor The writers Hall and Nordby depict it as: â€Å" the corporate unconscious is a reservoir of latent images, normally called aboriginal images by Jung. Aboriginal mean the ‘first ‘ or the ‘original ‘ therefore the aboriginal image refer to the earliest development of the mind. Man inherits these images from his hereditary yesteryear, a past that includes all of human ascendants every bit good as his prehuman or carnal ascendants. † add more?Conscious SymbolismFunadmental associations and feelings made in the witting. There are many associations to certain coloring material with are universally, and are read the same no affair the civilization or eduction, for illustration xanthous with light, bluish with the Sun and green with nature. The symbolism of the visible radiation and coloring material can be particulary important in the field of architecture due to there connects to arousing temper and feeling. Light and color suggest heat or imperturbability, alter one perceptual experience of whether a room is friendly, etcCultural influencesAlthough there are many coloring materials associations which are cosmopolitan, we must besides see how different civilization have different associations for some colorss. For illustration Japanese civilization tends to be more antiphonal to softer colorss, prehaps this relates to a greater grasp of materiality. Indian civilization on the other manus has a greater affinity to loud, bright and graphic color. There are besides certain colorss which gain greater significance in a certain coloring material. An illustration of this is the spiritual importance of green in Islam.Tendencies Fashion and StyleOur reading and perfernces of coloring material can impact by what is in trend at a peculiar clip. Tendencies in the reinforced environment tend to alter on a less regular footing than in other. Although responsing to tendencies in designer and interior design may non ensue in making the most good environmets as different enviroments have different demands, tendencies can be of import in bring forthing a sense of zeigheist. Such as?Personal Relationships and FactorsOur relationship to infinite is extremely influenced by personal and subjective factors such as personal dispostion and specific personal experience, for illustration one would normally tie in blue with imperturbability but if burnt by a bluish object may bring on an connexion to heat. Other personal factors can alter perceptual e xperiences of light coloring materials include sensitiveness, age, character and disposition and are physical and psychological brand up. Colour psychological science can be separated in to interlinked subdivisions, applied color psychological science and ‘depth color psychological science ‘ applied color psychological science is the 1 that by and large applies to architecture. It deals with the execution of the preset psychological effects to make a spacial atmosphere to bring forth psychical benefits therefore physiological benefits, or to convey a specific imagination. More?Symbolism and imagination of visible radiation and coloring material.â€Å" For it is through symbols that adult male finds his manner out of his peculiar state of affairs and ‘opens himself ‘ to the general and the universal. Symbols awaken an single experience and transmit into a religious act, into a metaphysical comprehension of the universe † – Mircea Eliade For 1000s of old ages natural visible radiation has been used for its powerful associations, for early adult male light held more significance than possibly any other clip, it was the giver of life and revered to the extent of idolizing the Sun. Its significance nevertheless has diminished particularly since the invasion of unreal visible radiation Light can be regarded as metaphorical in raising ideas of another topographic point or impression. It can be symbolic, stand foring something else frequently that which immaterial such as eternity, and frequently symbolic of that which we do non to the full comprehend. Light has the quality to bring forth a power passing province of being.For nexus to times season Zeitgeist?Dark is besides of import in this experience non merely as a contrast excessively dark but in its ain symbolism and representations, and the provinces of head it creates, the deficiency of light suppress the ocular, rising the other senses. Strong darkness presents the unknown taking to provinces of apprehensiveness, malaise and even to phobia. The interplay of light and dark can take to the the creative activity of contemplative or theatrical visible radiation. Luis Barragan advocates the usage of what he calls half-light â€Å" designers are burying the human demand for half-light the kind of visible radiation that imposes a tranquility, in their life suites every bit good as their sleeping rooms†¦ we should seek to retrieve mental and religious easiness and to relieve anxiousness, the outstanding feature of these agitated times, and the pleasances of thought, working, discoursing are heightened by the absence of glowering visible radiation † One of the few civilizations in which the design of such environments is prevailing is in Nipponese traditions. Quotation mark for in congratulations of shadows and illustration? Another manner to make topographic points of contemplation is to utilize diffuse or baffled light, bring forthing a degree of uniformity â€Å" contemplation is nourished by the deficiency of distractions †Metaphorical LightMetaphorical visible radiation extends the function of light beyond that of merely of disclosure, it denotes light that is used to raise a visions of a different vicinity, for illustration its can be used to as a representation of nature, film overing boundaries giving one the feeling that they are non in a interior scene. The usage of metaphorical lighting is vivid in the plants of artist Edward Hopper. In his painting New York Movie, Hopper uses contrasts in visible radiation to distinguish between the fanstay universe of the theater and the world in which the Ussher carries on with her mundane life. Steven Holl? Symbolic visible radiation is used as a representation of the immaterial and the discorporate, beyond that which is portrayed by the metaphorical, complex impressions such as life and decease. An powerful illustration of this is the Vietnam War commemoration in Washington D.C. The names of the dead are inscribed in the mirrorlike granite surface of the wall. The ever-changing contemplations of visible radiation and the environing remind us of our topographic point and temporal natural in this universe and therefore our mortality. For 1000s of old ages light has been associated with the religious aspects and seen as the manifestation of deity and the ethereal. Since prehistoric adult male visible radiation, the Sun have been connected to the scared, prehistoric worshipped the Sun physique memorials align to its summer solstice to honor it, as this was when its was its most powerful. Tombs were besides built with mention to the Sun, frequently align to confront the Sun rise on the summer solstice. The visible radiation of a new twenty-four hours and the lifting Sun gave hope of an after life â€Å" the natural linguistic communication of light and dark is a powerful one with which to show architectural significance † Specific coloring material besides hold symbolic associations. Many of these are reasonably obvious, nevertheless these initial associations over clip have lead subsequent associations or can take on bring on different connexions. The corporate findings from a figure of experiments have shown that many are cosmopolitan nevertheless there may be little fluctuations in different civilizations and faiths. Associations have from human experience, traveling all the manner back to early adult male. As discussed above aboriginal images etc have been stored in the human genome yesteryear on from coevals to coevals and contribute to our color perceptual experience. Eckart Heimendahl suggests that our color perceptual experience develops from three types of symbolism: ritual symbolism, traditional symbolism and aesthetic-emotional ( psychological ) degree symbolism, which fuse to give us our experience of coloring material â€Å" one of the most dramatic characteristics of the consequences refering perference, intension and colour-mood associatations is the consistancy from one person to another, from group to group and cross-culturally. There has been a great figure of cross-cultural surveies comparing topics in America, Lebanon, Kenya, Botswana, Greece to advert a few. Monkeies have been compared to Man, work forces to adult females, kids to grownups, layperson to designers. As another writer concludes, it would bespeak either that our heritage is such that we learn right responses, or that there is some unconditioned temper reaction to different colourss † ( Kuller 1981 p.164 ) The message a color conveys and therefore it psychological consequence is dependent on colorss chromaticity and the environment in which it sits. Even the slightest alteration it a hue nicety can change its significance. The materiality of the coloring material besides plays a important function in this procedure, which will be discussed subsequently. The followers will give and over the imagination and messages that the outstanding chromaticities are affiliated to. Red is a warm, exciting coloring material with both positive and negative associations. It positive intensions include the aforesaid heat due to its connexion to fire, every bit good as passion, strength, activity and love. Its more negative associations include fury and aggression, fierceness, although these have served a intent throughout history. An illustration of this in military, where red was used to alter head sets and convey a aggression. Red besides represent blood, which to some may portray an unfavorable message, can besides stand for life. This is possibly linked to early adult male who may hold concluded that blood gave life after seeing blood leave the organic structure a slaughtered quarry.Love?Red is the dominant and attending catching coloring material as its focal point point is behind the retina which give the feeling that it is stick outingpink?orange is a mostly positive coloring material and is by and large considered to hold really few negative intensions. Although less self-asserting than ruddy its is still vivacious and energetic, with lighter tone being heartening. Orange besides has connexions to nature reminding us of fall and sundowns. Brown is a darker tone of orange which once more has strong connexions to nature, motivating ideas of the Earth. As it is earthly is suggest security and stableness. However certain shadiness of brown may be less pleasant and drab and even depressing. Yellow is considered to be the ‘happiest ‘ coloring materials due to it aglow and beaming nature and therefore it tends to raise 1s liquors. Possibly its is most powerful and religious association with the Sun, and hence with visible radiation and life. Yellow was besides the coloring material of quicksilver in, best known for being the courier of the God, but was the God of commercialism and net income, every bit good as the God of the traveler, therefore xanthous can stand for religious enlightenment. Green focal point exactly on the retina and therefore is the easiest coloring material on the oculus. As a consequence viridity is loosen uping and reviewing. One of green major associations is nature and vigorous growing. Early rites were based around the exuberant viridity of flora and therefore is a symbol of nutrient and life, and as a sequel in Christianity represents hope and immortality. Green besides has important spiritual value in Islam where it is regarded as a holy coloring material. In blunt contrast certain fluctuations of green can convey a message of mold and decay and as a consequence decease. Depending on its place between xanthous and bluish viridity has different consequence, a green closer to yellow will look to be more stimulating where as blue green appear ice chest and more tranquil Blue like green is loosen uping and retiring, but appear cooler than green although darker tones appear to experience heater. Materialtiy besides affects its comparative heat, a dark blue, thick rug will non arouse a cold feeling. Blue induces feelings of composure and as a consequence contemplation and due to its obvious connexion to H2O bluish gives expresses cleanliness. However if non used right bluish can be cold and dejecting every bit refered to in the phrase â€Å" I have the blues † . Bluess symbolism has a figure of cultural fluctuations. In Rome blue was the coloring material of a philosopher robe and reflected wisdom. In China bluish symbolises immortality and sanctity to Hebrews.purple/violetwhite symbolises many positive things, architecture it prompts a sense of openness and freedom, a white infinite will ever experience more expensive, nevertheless if the part of white is to greater it gives a sense of emptiness. From a multi-discipline position, white conjures images of cleanliness, pureness, artlessness and peace. In Asia white is the coloring material of mourning but in a positive manner, as the believe that decease on this Earth is the beginning of a better life.blackGreyOver and under stimulation In footings of of both physiological and psychological factors the balance of stimulation is of import in supplying the right environment. Both over-stimulation and under-stimulation can hold inauspicious affects on our wellbeing and the overall feeling of a infinite. For an environment to be most good a balanced assortment should be kind. â€Å" Balance is the securing of integrity thick assortment. Both assortment and integrity are required to prolong involvement, and these opposing forces must be balanced. Assortment is necessary to pull and elicit involvement ; integrity is indispensable to make a favorable feeling and desires. Variety overdone is confounding and unpleasant. Unity overdone is humdrum. The grade of coloring material agreement is cognizing where to halt between these extremes † Exposure to an excessively complex visually helter-skelter environment or highly monotony, whether it be through coloring material, form or contrast can consequence us physiologically by triping alterations in rates of external respiration, blood force per unit area and pulsation, therefore lead to increased emphasis degrees Over stimulation can bring on an addition in musculus tenseness and is believed to increase 1s susceptibleness to infection which can take to ulcers and coronary disease. Surprisingly dull under-stimulating environments can do additions in bosom rate. With no external stimulation one becomes more cognizant of there interior ego. Capable to persons mentally and nature if their idea, this can take to fear, anxiousness and hurt. On a psychological degree an under stimulating and therefore centripetal lack scene is known to take to a deficiency of concentration, restlessness and crossness. Under stimulation can besides take to perceptual experience upsets. â€Å" It can non be stressed plenty that the balance between integrity and complexness is the first and most of import regulation in the design in good environments † However in certain state of affairs it can be the interior decorator nonsubjective to make infinite which are under exciting. It infinite may be design as a religious and brooding infinite which encourages one to look inside themselves for enlightenment†¦ To understand the extent of visible radiation and colorss consequence, we must see it on its ain every bit good as the how it reacts and relates to its environment. Our knowledge of visible radiation and coloring material can be mostly influenced by how they contrast with there surroudings. There a figure of different contrast relationships which alter the manner perceive and distinguish:Light-Dark ContrastIn its simplest footings this is the contrast between light and shadow. But can besides mention the to difference between elation of colorss, but the contrast is most outstanding in the neutral i.e. when no chromaticity is involved. Light dark contrast can be utile for distinguishing infinite. However excessively great a contrast will do ocular weariness and strain.Chromatic-Achromatic contrast.Uniting the chromatic with the neutral will change the sensed strength and brightness of the chromatic coloring material. White and gray niceties weaken a colors brightness and therefore can be used to neutralize. On the other manus black addition a colours brightness.Complementary ContrastComplementary contrast occurs between two coloring material whic h are every bit different as possible, location straight face-to-face on a coloring material wheel. Each complementary contrast has its ain alone characteristic. For illustration a contrast between orange and bluish gives the greatest warm-cool definition and a yellow-violet contrast give the most intense light-dark contrast. Effect/importanceIntensity contrastDescribes the contrast between colorss of the different impregnation. Intensity contrast is best used when a when little sum of pure coloring material are used as an speech pattern amongst muted colorss, which give a peculiar characteristic accents while keeping the complete atmosphere of the infinite.Measure ContrastQuantity contrast is the relative relationship between the colorss in a infinite. The proportion of a peculiar coloring material dramas major function in set uping spacial definition and feelingFlicker Contrastlicker is a over stimulating contrast, happening when intense colors with similar elation or darkness are combined is a infinite. This type of contrast shows that the color has non been considered suitably, spark contrasts should be avoid. There are two other physiological contrast which besides need to be taken into history when measuring the impact of coloring material, consecutive contrast and coincident contrast. Coincident contrast is the phenomenon where by a coloring material will be perceived otherwise with a different foreground, background or environment. For illustration if a impersonal Grey is place on a environing coloring material background the Grey will look to hold a intimation of the complementary coloring material of the background coloring material. The perceive alteration is non world but is a consequence of 1s ‘colour esthesis ‘ . Coincident contrast does non merely impact chromaticity and impregnation but besides brightness. For illustration Grey will look lighter against a darker background Consecutive contrast is a phenomenon where by if one is subjected to a coloring material stimulation for an inordinate sum of clip an ‘after image ‘ of its complementary coloring material will happen. For illustration if one stares at a ruddy surface for a drawn-out period of clip so look at a white surface, the white surface will look to be bluish green. This ‘after-image ‘ is believed to be the consequence of weariness. The affect is impermanent but nevertheless can be upseting. e.g. ? â€Å" The physiological world is that the oculus requires any given give coloring material to be balanced by its complementary, and will bring forth it if it is non present. Complementary colorss besides provide psychological balance to warmth and imperturbability of coloring material. † The after image is a physiological consequence which indicates than utilize us of complementary colorss the the most effectual manner of making a harmonious infiniteSynesthesiaSynesthesia ( Greek, syn= together + aisthesis= perceptual experience ) is a neurological status in which the stimulation of one centripetal mode evokes a experience in another mode, or the crossing of two or more sense. Light and color non merely excite the sense of sight but arouses esthesiss in many other of the other senses through ocular and non ocular agencies.Percept of weightas a general regulation darker and more concentrated colors will look to be heavier and more dense than lighter and less concentrated colors. Warmer colors will besides look heavier than the ice chest ice chests if the same chromaticityPercept of volume and distanceThe lighter a infinite is the more unfastened it will be perceived to be therefore a infinite will look to hold a larger volume than a dark infinite. Within a infinite ig niter colorss, ice chest colorss and little forms will look to withdraw. With darker or more concentrated looking the protrude therefore doing distances seem shorter.Percept of temperatureit is widely believed that visually, coloring materials can change our perceptual experience of whether a room is warm or cool. Since the formation of the hypothesis several experiments have been observed which seem to turn out what was thought. One such illustration is described by Johannes Itten in his book The Elementss of Colour, is experiment illustrates a important difference in the temperature at an single felt cold in different colored room â€Å" Residents of the bluish green felt that 59 grades Fahrenheit was cold, where as the temperature had to fall to 52 grades Fahrenheit in the reddish-orange room before the topics felt cold † grounds from a corresponding Norse survey drew a similar decision, in which subjects set a thermostat four grades lower in a ruddy room compared to a bluish room. However trial besides showed that the consequence where merely impermanent and after a period of clip the effects begin to decrease.Percept of Taste and OdoursCertain colorss can arouse associations with gustatory sensations or odors. Colorss such as lavender, pale yellow and pink have pleasant associations with odor and colorss such as coral, soft yellow and visible radiation viridities are associated with pleasant gustatory sensations. These associations can be utile in industrial state of affairs to assist better unpleasant environmentsPercept of SoundGestalt psychologists such as Heinz Warner, Krakov, Allen and Schwartz have produced grounds that strong smell and gustatory sensation can change our perceptual experience of coloring material. It is suggested that strong gustatory sensation and smells make us more less sensitive to ruddy and more to green. On a similar note through coloring material association can be used to countervail loud environments. For illustration one may mentally link extremely concentrated warm coloring material with being loud, cool and low saturated coloring material holding the opposite consequence, therefore cool or low saturated coloring material can be used to assist countervail noisy environments â€Å" a noisy ambiance will be experienced subjectively as nosier or more annoying if pigment with glowering yellows or reds. Shrill and high pitched sounds may be offset by olive viridity †Percept of TimeSome research workers believe that visible radiation, coloring material and form can change our appraisal of clip. One theory is that subdued, humdrum infinites cause one to overestimated clip. Possibly this is related to boredom and under-stimulation. It is a common construct that clip passes more rapidly when 1 is basking themselves.Light, coloring material and our perceptual experience of infinite.â€Å" Space remains in limbo without light. Light ‘s shadows and sunglassess, its different beginnings, its opacity, transparence, translucence and conditions of contemplation and refraction intertwine to specify or redefine infinite. Light topics infinite to uncertainness, organizing a sort of probationary span through Fieldss of experience † – Steven Holl The manner we use and perceive a infinite is greatly influence by visible radiation and coloring material along with the factors described. Above the have the ability to specify boundaries and differentiate infinites. They provide orientation and consciously and unconsciously impact how we move through a edifice. Furthermore due to the synaesthetic esthesiss they induce as described above, visible radiation and coloring material alter the sensed dimensioning of a infinite. â€Å" Space, as we experience it in architectural scenes is a consequence of our full perceptual system. One sees the environment non with the eyes but with eyes-in-the-head-on-the-body-resting-on-the-ground † As we have found out light and shadow can be a powerful tool with which to uncover significance. However they besides play a major function in specifying our sense of infinite, if we manipulate light we alter our perceptual experience of architectural infinite. Before construction, walls, ceiling and floor, it was light which estbalished boundaries. At dark a ‘room ‘ for early adult male was defined by visible radiation admitted by fire, the appendage of which came when visible radiation faded into darkness.

Once Upon A Family Essay

In the book (Daley, 2007) â€Å"Once Upon A Family† by author Margaret Daley, we read about a character by the name of Sean Williams who is helped by his principal at Cimarron High, where he attends school, by the name of Peter Stone. Laura Williams was extremely nervous as she stands before the high school principal, who is tall, dark and handsome, as she worries so much for her oldest child who had always been a good student. Peter Stone explains that Sean wasn’t willing to talk very much about the fight that he took part in and wonders if the new move had anything to do with this sudden change in Sean’s behavior. Peter takes a special interest in Sean’s mother and realizes that he can help her, her family and himself in finding completeness in their lives. Peter Stone lives on a beautiful ranch and is a religious man who learns not only to care for Sean, but also for his mother; Laura and Sean’s siblings. The Williams family attend Peter’s church many times and learn that God has special intentions for their lives and also that all problems can be solved through prayer. Laura Williams is a good hearted, self-sacrificing widow, while Peter Stone worked at his job at the high school where he could make a difference in the lives of the young and attended church, faithfully to fulfill his religious needs, but he still needed the Williams family in his life to fill an empty void and just as desperately as they needed him. We learn from this book that God has a special way of bringing people together and he always knows exactly what we need.

Mission Vision of Sturbock Cafe

Chic Boy Mission and Vision Statement Writing a mission statement for your business tells your colleagues, employees and customers what your business intends to do and how it will do it. The mission statement serves to describe the company in present terms and does this by describing measurable goals and objectives. A vision statement is very much like your mission statement except it outlines where the company would like to be in the future. The vision statement has more human value to it and describes how the company wishes to be perceived. These statements are simply that – statements.No need to get extremely elaborate, they should be succinct, interesting and smart. Mission Statement  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vision Statement Present tense  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Future tense Lists overall goals  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Describes how it sees itself in the future How the organization will get there  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lists where the organization wants to be Developing Your Mission & Vision Statement It’s helpful to answer these questions to guide you in developing your mission and vision statements.Mission Statement: 1. What does the company do today? 2. For whom does the company do it? 3. What is the benefit to the end user? Vision Statement: 1. What does the company want to do in the future? 2. When does the company want to do it by? 3. How does the company expect to do it? You should be able to turn these answers into a well-crafted mission and vision statement for your business. Here are some great examples of mission and vision statements: Boy Scouts of America Mission Statement The mission of the Boy Scouts of America is to prepare young people to make thical and moral choices over their lifetimes by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law. Vision Statement The Boy Scouts of America will prepare every eligible youth in America to become a responsible, participating citizen and leader who is guided by the Scout Oath and Law. Shell Mauritius Mission Statement To safely market and distribute energy and petrochemical products while offering innovative value added services. Vision Statement We make the difference through our people, a team of dedicated professionals, who value our customers, deliver on our promises and contribute to sustainable development.

How did the psychological disorders, such as shell shock, in World War Essay - 1

How did the psychological disorders, such as shell shock, in World War I impact on the societal, cultural, and political level in West European countries such as Britain and France - Essay Example But the impacts were for a fact a concern. The impact can be seen from the aftermath prompt cure; cognitive re-structuring of various traumatic experiences (i.e. avoiding the past thoughts) and interacted with the therapist in the seeking for a cure. On social front many were unable to fit well into the society as a lot had changed during the cause of the war. Many of the soldiers were psychologically ill affecting their lives and individual families. After the war many traumatized soldiers from France and Britain soldiers shared several common symptoms – from twitches, anxiety, speech difficulties and digestive complications to more complex nervous indispositions. These affected the economic frontier of their countries since many were incapable to appropriately fit into the society. For instance, while doctors found it strange that these symptoms many times often never present in these countries until the solder was back in the original confines of civilian life. These psycho logical disorders in World War I impact on the societal level of Britain and France. The soldiers were largely unable to culturally transform in these European nations and unable to conform to the cultural expectations. The post psychological impacts such as shell shock have gone a long way in impacting on cultural aspect of the British and French societies. World War 1 can be considered as one of the hinge moment in the culture of the Britain and France. This can be largely attributed to the psychological experiences that were evident. Together the path of cultural effect was set one that set all the difference. Most notable was the impact was in cultural values such as traditional ideologies. The nature of the treatment become more integral part of the cultural heritage and later changed the cultural expectation and behaviors in Britain

The vulnerabilities of industrial control systems and possible Essay

The vulnerabilities of industrial control systems and possible solutions - Essay Example Industrial control systems (ICS) are imperative to the quality of life that most of society shares and depends on every day. These systems regulate the electricity, food supply, medical and chemical manufacturing, as well as many other processes and utilities that are used daily.After September 11, 2001, the threat of terrorist attacks became a high priority on the home front (Marsh 2006). Most people worried about airplanes, metro or subway systems, or bombs, but a few realized that with the computerization of control systems in a variety of industries becoming normal operating procedures, the risk of attack was just as possible as any other probable target. In fact, some of the systems, such as nuclear plants or chemical manufacturing companies, were more apt to be targeted than others. This concern led to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to lead a 500 member forum to discuss cyber-security of the ICS regulating our lives and our country.At the conclusion o f this 2004 forum, NIST produced the System Protection Profile-Industrial Control Systems (SPP-ICS) to use as guidelines and strategies to find the vulnerabilities in each facility and possible solutions. Some of the main concerns include terrorists and unfriendly governments, human error, disgruntled employees, bored teenagers, and natural disasters to name a few. However, most facilities looked only on the outside, without considering errors on the inside that could do as much damage as those external forces. (Barr, 2004; D'Amico, 2004; Marsh, 2006; NIST, 2004; NIST's process control, 2004; Wagman, 2008). NISTS findings were based on the System Target of Evaluation and all risks and vulnerabilities are determined by this standard. The corporate leaders should look at and consider the vulnerabilities and their solutions to help identify the areas that are in need of immediate attention in their own facilities and to make the cyber-connection of the location secure. Unfortunately some do not believe there is a real threat. For example, Tom Donahue from the CIA stated that "attacks on critical infrastructure lack the necessary dramatic display that seems to be preferred by this constituency" (Marsh, 2006, p. 12). This concept may have been true five years ago, but as the world becomes more connected the disruption of electricity, water, or gas would be a fairly dramatic event for those experiencing it, and for those watching it. Previously most facilities were separated by using their privately owned machines, hardware and methods of communication. However, with the onset of more facilities and corporations using "commercial, off-the-shelf" products the vulnerability increases (D'Amico, 2004). The SPP-ICS provides three main areas to watch; the type of agent, method of attack, and the asset that will be affected by the attack. The agent is the insider or outsider that either maliciously or accidently causes an attack on the ICS. The vulnerabilities of attack can include, but are not limited to, protocols, unnecessary systems attached to the ICS, outside remote access to the ICS, incorrect IT architecture, lack of security controls, and lack of risk assessment upon or prior to installation of the system. The assets consist of all the systems used to control the system software and hardware and the infrastructure of the company (Barr, 2004; NIST, 2004) When working to correct or strengthen the security of these systems, the company should look at physical items, the connectivity and if it is secure, authentication, backup and remote access as well as many other attributes of security. Understanding the

Humans are rational. Critically discuss the theoretical and empirical Essay

Humans are rational. Critically discuss the theoretical and empirical evidence from psychology for and against this assertion - Essay Example These biases, such as confirmation bias, anchoring, base rate neglect and overconfidence, make up the first section of this essay. The biases are present in behavioral economics, which dictates that humans will behave in a way that is efficient for them in an economic sense, and this makes up the second portion of this essay. There is some indication that humans can be rational when it comes to domain specific tasks – such as exposing cheating or enforcing social contracts. Because of this, more study should be done regarding other domain specific tasks to indicate if there are pockets of rationality in other domain specific areas. Moreover, there is considerable thought that the irrational nature that is detected on the tests could be the result of something other than irrationality at work – such as poorly worded tests, computational errors, incorrect norms being applied, or inattention of the participants. Therefore, it is possible that humans are not as irrational a s these tests might presume. This analysis makes up the third and last portion of this essay. Discussion Reasoning is a part of cognition, which is virtually wholly made up of using inference. There is some question of whether or not reasoning has a separate cognitive system unto itself, or whether or not it is merely a part of the whole of cognition (Manktelow & Chung, 2004, p. 66). That said, reasoning must be distinguished from intuition. The main difference between reason and intuition is that reasoning is done deliberately and consciously, while intuition springs forth from the mind in a spontaneous fashion, without effort or a conscious search (Kahneman, 2003, p. 1450). Thus, when a person is doing an income tax form, he is using reasoning; when that same person revolts at eating a piece of chocolate that is the shape of a cockroach, that person is working from intuition (Kahneman, 2003, p. 1450). Reasoning is a function that is only in the higher order beings, as there has be en no evidence that reasoning is present in animals or children who are pre-verbal (Mercier & Sperber, p. 3). There are three basic types of reasoning, according to Samuels et al. (2004). They are descriptive, which describes how humans actually reason; normative, which describes how humans should reason; and evaluative, which describes the difference between how humans actually reason and how they should reason. In other words, there is an assumed standard that has been established by the normative project, so researchers interested in the evaluative project are interested in finding out how actual reasoning fit the assumed standard (Samuels et al., 2004, p. 1). These are the bases of deciding whether humans are rational or irrational – does their reasoning fit what is normative? If this is the case, then rationality can be presumed, for this would mean that the individual is making decisions that benefit him or herself. There are a series of normative rules that prescribe h ow humans should behave. One of these is cancellation, which means that a human will eliminate â€Å"any state of the world that yields the same results, regardless of one’s choice† (Tverskey & Kahneman, 1986, p. s252). Cancellation is important because only one state will be realized, which makes it easy to evaluate the other options separately for each state. Transivity is another rule, which means that each option in an

Move for Opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Move for Opportunity - Essay Example The author also talks about the issues that the move for opportunity tends to create and how the moves can create not only physical stress but also a strong element of emotional distress as well. The author has not only focused on the affects of the relocation on the person but has moved a step ahead to also consider the effects of the relocation on the families. The needs of the families and how the attractive relocation packages can seem to be very beneficial yet not be as useful as to be able to provide the families with the best and the life that they need to give up for the package. There has also been noted by experts that these opportunities have proven to be very beneficial for the country as well. At the John Holland Group, HR [Human Resources] manager Darren Nelson agrees. ‘It’s these opportunities that have built both this country and people’s careers.’ He points to Karratha, WA, as the well-publicised focal point for opportunities created by skills shortages and a resources boom. ‘I know people moving here from the east who will have a 110 per cent salary increase.’ The article presented by Fran Cusworth is a very effective article to help people think about the options of relocating their job for the purpose of newer opportunities. This section will deal with an analysis of the article. The article will be analyzed under six main heading. This is as in the sub section below: i) Overall Effectiveness: The author has discussed the article in a advisory fashion to bring up a strong light on the issues as well as benefits of relocation packages that are provided by the recruiters and the relocation specialists. The intended audiences are the individuals due to have relocation and also families of these people. The overall article is straight forward with a very strong tone that has been used. The author has brought about a number of details like the affects of a failed move and how much it could affect the individuals

A WOMAN'S CURSE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A WOMAN'S CURSE - Assignment Example A woman going through such situation could be certain that she could become pregnant, though presently not pregnant, but healthy enough to become pregnant. Writing through the Beverly Strassmann empirical research work, having lived for over two years among the Dogon of Mali in West Africa, being part of their culture, and the menstruating women were being confined to menstrual huts that are behind the compound of the village. Urine samples collected by the researcher showed that the women did not visit the huts throughout the pregnancy or during the period when there is an absence of menstruation. This means that the menstrual taboos of the Dogon traditional culture were useful in providing men with the genuine signals of female reproductive status. An implication of Strassman’s work might be reflected that modern lifestyles and the proliferation in the use of contraceptives might be in conflict with a woman’s naturally evolving biological developments. To support this proposition, she noted that the Dogon women menstruate 10 times while western women counter parts menstruate at least 400 times and even more. A feature may lead to cancer prone among the western women folk more than he Dogon traditional women folk. The study by Strassman, as analyzed by the author has proposed the interplay between biology and culture in human reproduction, a leading factor in human behaviour

Exploration of Regional Variations in Attitude towards Guanxi Dissertation

Exploration of Regional Variations in Attitude towards Guanxi - Dissertation Example Political forces and economic policies also influence the thinking and conduct of Chinese people. A subsection talks about the developments of people’s behavior under the Chinese Communist Party and Socialism. As China opens its doors towards the world economy, the country as well as its people adapts to a new state of affairs. New practices and new ways of thinking are introduced to the people. A subsection takes note of the developments in regional economic reforms that greatly affect regional values. The effect of regional variation in management is explored through different literatures in a separate section. Cities of Shanghai, Dongguan and Chongqing represent the eastern, southern and southwestern regions of China, respectively. The three cities are the focus of the research since they are close representatives of regional diversity in China. Subsections on relevant information about the cities are written in order to give background data and facts. The second section will unpeel the meso factors specific to China on a national and regional level analysis. Values and beliefs are elements of a person’s behavior towards guanxi management. A subsection discusses Confucianism as the source of Chinese traditional values. Under the open economy, Western practices influenced the traditional style of Chinese manager’s behaviors and attitudes. A subsection is focused on western influences. The inner core of Chinese managers’ attitudes lies in the regional and ethnic diversity of the country. Each region has different business styles and characteristics. Separate subsections describe the varying subcultures dominant in cities of Shanghai, Dongguan and Chongqing. The next section of the chapter skins the different micro layers wrapping an individual Chinese manager. It is in this section that contemporary theories about guanxi and its relevance in the business environment are introduced and reviewed. The components that constitute guanxi are identified and defined using different contemporary literatures. As behavior is directed by social standards, a subsection appraises the sources of social expectations of managers. Another

International Finance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Finance - Term Paper Example Such as a skewed change rate can create a business's exports inexpensive as compared to their foreign counterparts, although for a nation to attain this artificially, they have to trade their own currency by borrowing against the country's assets to pay for another country's currency. If exports or all investment is in high demand, a nation's currency will increase in value due to the demand for that currency to fund exported commodities, services, as well as investment. Companies that depend on exports can find their goods unexpectedly competitive - or excessively costly - in a foreign country’s markets as exchange rates rise and fall. In the same way, businesses that depend on imports can see the charges of these imports fluctuate with the exchange rate. â€Å"Exchange rates directly affect the realized return on an investment portfolio with overseas holdings. If you own stock in a foreign company and the local currency goes up 10 percent, the value of your investment goes up 12 percent even if the stock price does not change at all† (Levi, p. 201, 2009). The study of international finance usually refers to trade and foreign investment as alternative policies. This replacement can however be called into uncertainty as the need to struggle on several foreign markets taken into account. With reference to the theory of international trade, classical conclusion of Mundell has been challenged because of inadequate competition. In addition, macroeconomic series of foreign investment and trade emphasize that these two approaches of internationalisation are complements evidently. â€Å"If foreign investment displaces trade, exports will be at least replaced by local sales on foreign markets, detrimental to the domestic industry of the investor. On the contrary, if trade and foreign investment are confirmed as complements, investing abroad might lead to greater competitiveness in foreign markets, which is beneficial to exports from the investing country and thus to its industry. In order to clarify these relationships, a bilateral and sectoral empirical approach is proposed based on a matching of trade and foreign investment data authorising a break down by industry and partner country. It permits to control for joint determinants of trade and foreign investment such as market size, per capita income or regional integration, or conversely for economies of scale having an opposite impact on both forms of internationalisation† (Sercu, p. 184, 2009). With the most disaggregated data, the finding of complementarities involving trade and foreign investment flows is legalized for many industries. Outward foreign investment is linked further exports and imports, within the industry considered, in comparison with the state of investment. However, in view of the fact that the previous rise more as compared to the latter, investment in a foreign country is linked with a trade excess. On the other hand, inward foreign investment is lin ked with a trade deficit of the host nation. Overflows between industries are substantial. The impact of foreign investment on trade is much higher as these overflows are accounted for, even if the international trade surplus stays comparable with the one approximated on the industry of investment level. A huge share of the complementarities between trade and foreign investment at the macroeconomic level can be clarified by huge overflows between i

Automobile Essay Example for Free

Automobile Essay Experimental Question: What are the effects of different types of antifreeze on the physical appearance on pansy plants? Most people could not imagine there lives without some sort of motor vehicle transportation. Although motor vehicles are great for getting around and getting around quickly, they take a lot of maintenance and also have a permanent effect on the environment. Motor vehicles take a lot of different products to assure smooth travels. One of these products that help your motor vehicle run smoothly is antifreeze. Antifreeze is made of substance called ethylene glycol. Although antifreeze is a very helpful product for humans there is a lack of its overall effects upon the environment. This is defiantly a problem, due to its lack of research we decided to conduct an experiment; what are the effects of different types of antifreeze on the physical appearance on a pansy plant? Ethylene glycol is actually metabolized in plants and plants have a hormone inside of them called ethylene. Inside of plant cells this substance is turned into ethylene glycol and broken down again. Most people believe that this substance cannot harm plants since it is already present within plants, but this belief is false. In large substance this substance can become deadly. One of the reasons why we decided to conduct this experiment is to show people the immediate effects there motor vehicle products can have upon the environment. Our goal is to inform vehicle owners of the harmful effects there products can have on the environment and what you can do to help improve our environment.

Food Preservation Essay Example for Free

Food Preservation Essay Men have preserved their foods from ancient times in order to keep the results of harvesting for winter months, for resale, for storage, and for transporting from sea to inland, overseas, or cross-country. To do so, they generally used natures methods, which are drying, parching and fermenting. Parching is the most natural method, but for many thousands of years, others have also been used. Direct fermentation of liquids, usually by the introduction of yeast, has not only preserved liquids but also enhanced their quality, the same of course applying to salting. Smoking has preserved, and sometimes improved both fish and meat. Hickory wood is generally used for the fires, and natural juices are contained by a slight coating of wood creosote. It was not until recently that the causes of rottenness were understood, these being the reactions of bacteria, molds, yeasts and micro-organisms. Some fermentation and molds are, of course, necessary in the production of food and drink; molds, for example, being used in cheese-making. But the real breakthrough in preservation against the causes of rottenness came, when it was learnt how to deal with the micro-organisms present in all foods and drinks, and which react chemically over a period to produce unpalatable or poisonous food or drink. There are three basic methods. Firstly, food may be preserved by cooling or freezing, to a very low temperature when long-term preservation is required. This was originally done by packing in a mixture of salt and ice; today, cold storage is big business and refrigeration is a highly-developed science. Dehydration may be bracketed with this method, as the principle involved is the same, namely to suspend the operation of bacteria which requires normal temperatures for chemical reaction. This is why reconstituted eggs cannot against dehydrated, and melted ice-cream refrozen. The second method of destruction is by heat-processes, which destroy all the bacteria present in food and drink. This process is used before canning foods in hermetically-sealed containers, great care being taken not to allow the foods or drink s to become re-infested after cooling and before canning. The third method is to preserve by the addition of chemicals, which control or destroy bacteria. This is merely a follow-up of the old systems of salting, smoking and candling. Eventually, the method of cold sterilization is expected to supersede most of the others; this amounts to exposing the food-stuffs to ionizing radiation. Today more than mere food-preservation is sought by the consumer, and for this reason, processes are becoming more and more sophisticated. Quality, economy and convenience are sought by modern man especially modern woman convenience is important, the ready-cooked meal is popular, while, in Western, or Westernized communities, goods do not sell easily if they lack color, a good appearance, natural flavor, the right texture, and are free from defects.

Creating an E-Health System

Creating an E-Health System Infrastructure of the E-Health ABSTRACT This project is based on the e-health which provides medical advice, latest news on diseases general information, registration of patient, patient records maintaining ,telephone helpline, health news by e-mail, patient health observation, list of hospitals searching for particular hospital and doctor, before and after comparisons, providing health demos. Providing tips for health and food. The main aim is to provide full detail information and support regarding any disease to patient. It is the medium between a doctor and a patient. The main goal of the project is to give User friendly features. It is a web application which shows and helps patients to collect most of the information about Hospitality and Medical Services. It can used by the patients to view the list of doctors available in their cities and take appointments of doctors with the help of this site. The site will include different articles from famous doctors through e-mail facility. There will be online help for and counseling etc†¦ patients through e-mail facility. It is maintained by an administrator. User accounts for patients. The data is well protected for personal use and makes the data processing very fast. Receive emails from doctors and specialists about diseases, preventive measures and general awareness. User should be able to search the records for doctors, patients and related medication information, tips for the health and diet along with the user record. Unique platform to maintain transparency and accuracy along with formatted order with proper maintenance of data records. Health information technology plays an important role in supporting decision making, health care delivery system , and management of health services. Many socio-technical factors affect physicians adoption and implementation of health information systems. Place to post ads. As it is a web-enabled project low cost and time of project deployment and maintenance. Chapter 1 1. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT In the present e health is maintained through the storing the information into a single system and then using the search engines to search the data which user wants to. In the current scenario maintaining the search engines and maintaining the data costs a lot and can be feasible if data is in huge volumes. It cannot be feasible for small volumes of data. Data management is enough and it will be a best feasible solution if the data is stored in records and fetched through the simple forms. It will provides medical advice, latest news on diseases general information, registration of patient, patient records maintaining ,telephone helpline, health news by e-mail, patient health observation, list of hospitals searching for particular hospital and doctor, before and after comparisons, providing health demos. Providing tips for health and food. It is the medium between a doctor and a patient. The main goal of the project is to give User friendly features. It is a web application which shows and helps patients to collect most of the information about Hospitality and Medical Services. It can be used by the patients to view the list of doctors available in their cities and take appointments of doctors with the help of this site. The site will include different articles from famous doctors through e-mail facility. In current system displays pages in continuously but it is very lengthy and very difficult to the user to search what he needed for user easiness here we provide + a nd buttons before that heading if he want to see items on that particular pages he can click + button and see the sub items. Finally we will provide 3 dropdown links problem name, hospital name, doctor name and by selecting them we want to give e-mail confirmation regarding appointment. And the patient information also viewed by the doctor and telephone number is used for tele-medication. Objectives:- Objectives of this project is to provide the simple web based forms to User with simple interactive forms to maintain transparency, accuracy and simply effective in maintaining the data over recent past years. Here user can register, enter patient related data along with the options to maintain or update the user own records where all those records can be maintained in the database. User can be able to search the records for doctors, patients and related medication information, tips for the health and diet along with the user record. There is no or unique platform to maintain transparency and accuracy along with formatted order with proper maintenance of data records. Data management is very conventional and complicated manner. No existing mechanism to handle this situation in the present market. Just this causing wasting unnecessarily time and cost. In the present e health is maintained through the storing the information into a single system and then using the search engines to search the data which user wants to. In the current scenario maintaining the search engines and maintaining the data costs a lot and can be feasible if data is in huge volumes. It cannot be feasible for small volumes of data. Data management is enough and it will be a best feasible solution if the data is stored in records and fetched through the simple forms. As I am using small forms and a simple data base, following SDLC phases. Before this in the primary research I have done with gathering overall objective of my research topic E health. As a secondary research I have collected the sample data to use, creating the functional flows, best ways to implement this. Chapter 2 EXISTING SYSTEM Existing system refers to the system that is being followed till now. Presently all the health functionalities or services are completed manually. That is if a patient want to consult a doctor he can visit their till his chance called or call-up and take appointment in office hours. To know any general information about any epidemics or diseases that causes panic among the people if not rightly informed on right time. This makes the person very difficult. Out Patient and In Patient tickets are distributed directly. The main disadvantage is that there will be lot of difficulty for the patient. So, all these procedures will be a time consuming one. Draw backs of existing system: Difficult for patients Time consuming. To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to be online. PROPOSED SYSTEM The aim of proposed system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The proposed system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system provides data accuracy and save disc space. The existing system has several disadvantages and many more difficulties to work well. The proposed system tries to eliminate or reduce these difficulties up to some extent. The proposed system will help the user to consume time. The system requires very low system resources and the system will work only in internet connection. In the existing system displays pages in continuously but it is very lengthy and very difficult to the user to search what he needed for user easiness here this application will provide + and buttons before that heading if he want to see items on that particular pages he can click + button and see the sub-items in Treeview form. In existing system/site he shows time that is not updated continuously but in our application we have implemented timely updates for every second. Finally we have provided 3 dropdown links problem name, hospital name, doctor name and by selecting them system will to give e mail confirmation regarding appointment. And the patient information also viewed by the doctor and telephone number is used for tele-medication. Advantages of Proposed System : The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very low system resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It has got following features This website will provide online help for patients and counseling / advices for specialists. This website helps all the users to view the list of doctors available in their cities User is provided the option of monitoring the records that he enter earlier and also he can see the required records with the multiplicity of options provided by him. From each part of the project the user is provided with the links all the way through framing so that he can go from one option of the project to other as per the necessity. This is bound to be easy and very friendly as per the user is concerned. That is, we can say that the project is user friendly which is one of the major concerns of any good project. This website will help take appointments of doctors for the users. In the existing system displays pages in continuously but it is very lengthy and very difficult to the user to search what he needed for user easiness here this application will provide + and buttons before that heading if he want to see items on that particular pages he can click + button and see the sub-items in Treeview form. Chapter 3 3. FEASIBILITY STUDY Feasibility study is about the viability of a system. The proposed system has to be examined for its technical, economical and operational feasibility. This system for posting news and working the website was inspected with all these aspects in mind. 3.1.1 Technical Feasibility It is the process of assessing the development internet websites ability to construct a proposed system. Test is made to see whether reliable hardware and software, technical resources capable of meeting the needs of a proposed system can be acquired or developed by webpage in the required time. In this process, since Dot.Net is used for developing the simple internet application, its seemed to be very feasible. While accessing the technical feasibility, the various issues that are considered are system performance, system interfaces, development processes, risks, failure immunity and security. This system is proven to be technically feasible. 3.1.2 Economic Feasibility It is a process of identifying the airfare search benefits with a development project. This project is found to be economically feasible since security is the need of the time. The search benefit analysis is made considering the intricacies such as time to considerations, get more details, effectiveness, and maintainable design. 3.1.3 Operational Feasibility Operational feasibility study is a must, because it ensures that the project implemented in the web pages works the feasibility should be high. The operational feasibility of this project is very high as it automates document control and web interface, which is easy and friendly for the user to use it. 3.2. SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT 3.2.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Processor : Pentium-IV or higher Hard Memory : 20GB or higher Monitor : 1024 * 768 Resolutions Ram : 1GB 3.2.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Front End : ASP.Net Back End : Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Operating System : Windows XP Language : C#.Net Framework : .Net 2.0 3.2.3 CLIENT SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Browsers : IE 7 or above, Firefox 2 or above Flash Player : 8 or above Monitor Resolution : 1024*768 Resolution 3.3 ASP. NET ASP.NET it is a part of the .NET Framework and also a new platform from Microsoft for creating applications that are highly distributed across the Internet. Highly distributed means the components of the application, as well as the data, may reside anywhere on the Internet rather than all being contained inside the one software program somewhere. Each part of an application can be referred and accessed by using a standard procedure. ASP.NET is the part that provides the features easily tie up all this capability together for coherent web-based applications. It is a programming framework, but there is a primary difference between this and traditional ASP it uses Common Language Runtime (CLR) capable of running compiled code on a web server to deploy powerful wed-based applications. ASP.NET still use HTTP to communicate to the browser and back, but it can brings added functionality that makes the communication process much richer. If any files have the appropriate extension or contain code then the server routes those files to ASP.NET for processing prior to sending them out to the client. The script or code is then processed and the appropriate content is generated for transmission back to the browser/client because the processing takes place before the results are delivered to the user and also all manner of functionality can be built-in such as database access, component usage and the ordinary programmatic functionality available with scripting languages. ASP.NET applications can be coded by using the plain text edited such as notepad, although this is not the most proficient method to use. Developing of all the other resources that might be required for a particular ASP.NET application, particularly for the user interface, may involve range of particular tools including image-editing programs and HTML editors. 1. ASP.NET also enables you to separate HTML design from the data retrieval mechanism. Therefore changing the HTML deign does not affect the program that retrieve data from the databases. Similarly, server-side scripting ensures that changing data sources does not require a change in HTML documents. 2. ASP.NET has a number of advance features that help you develop robust web applications. The advance features of ASP.NET are based on the .NET Framework. 3.3.1 ASP.NET in .NET Framework ASP.NET, which is the .NET version of ASP, is built on Microsoft .NET Framework. Microsoft introduced the .NET Framework to help developers create globally distributed software with Internet functionality and interoperability.ASP.NET application include WEB Forms, configuration files and XML, web service files. ASP.NET has a number of advance features that help you develop robust web applications. The advance features of ASP.NET are based on the .NET Framework. 3.3.2 FEATURES OF ASP.NET 1. Compiled Code Code written in ASP.NET is compiled and not interpreted. It makes ASP.NET applications much faster to execute than other server- side scripts that are interpreted such as scripts written in a previous ASP. 2. Enriched Tool Support The ASP.NET Framework is provided with a rich toolbox and designer in VS.NET IDE.Some of the features of this powerful tools are drag-and-drop server controls and automatic deployment. 3. Power and Flexibility The ASP.NET applications are based on the Common Language Runtime (CLR). 4. Simplicity ASP.NET enables you to build user interfaces that separates application logic from the presentation content. In addition, CLR simplify the application development by using managed code services, such as garbage collection and automatic reference counting. 5. Manageability The ASP.NET allow you to manage Web applications by storing the configuration information in an XML file . You can also open the XML file in the visual Studio .NET IDE. 6. Scalability ASP.NET has been designed with scalability and it has some features that helps you to improve performance in a multiprocessor environment. 7. Security ASP.NET has a options for implementing security and restricting the user access to a web application. All these options are cond within the same configuration file. 3.3.3 ASP.NET Architecture ASP.NET is based on the fundamental architecture of the .NET Framework. Visual Studio provides a standardized way to combine the various features of this Architecture. Architechture of Asp.Net Architecture is explained form bottom to top in the following discussion. At the bottom of the Architecture is Common Language Runtime(CLR) .NET Framework CLR resides on the top of the operating system services. The common language runtime masses and executes the code that targets the runtime. This code called as managed code. The runtime gives an example that is ability for cross language integration. .NET Framework provides set of class libraries. These classes include in base classes, like input ,output and networking classes . The ADO.NET is Microsofts ActiveX Data Object (ADO) model for .NET Framework. The 4th layer of the framework consists two types of applications they are Windows application model and in parallel Web application model. The Web application model presents ASP.NET it includes Web services and Web forms. ASP.NET comes with built-in control Web Forms which are responsible for generating the user interface(UI). One of the important themes of .NET is association and interoperability between different programming languages. In order to achieve this certain rules must be laid and all the languages must be following these rules. In other words we dont have languages to running around their own extensions and their own new data types. CLS is the collection of the rules and constraints that every language (that seeks to achieve .NET compatibility) should follow. In general the CLR and the .NET Frameworks are designed in such a way that the code has been written in one language we cannot badly used by another language. Hence ASP.NET can be coded in any of the .NET compatible languages whether it is VB.NET, C#(C SHARP), Managed C++ or JavaScript.NET. 3.4 C#.Net C# (C-Sharp) is one of the object-oriented programming languages developed by Microsoft. C# is a modern, object-oriented language it enables programmers to quickly build a wide range of applications for the new Microsoft .NET. Which provides tools and services that are fully exploited in both computing and communications? C# original called codename is Cool† being released as a beta in 2000. After that Microsoft released different version of language including the latest release of C# 2.0. Some of the basic features of the C# programming language they are namespaces, type-safe variables, multi-dimensional arrays, jagged arrays, operator overloading, indexers, delegates, versioning, attributes and overriding. C# also have two types of parameters they are pass by reference and pass by value and also have xml based documentation with some special comment tags, Integration with COM components are developed using Visual Studio 2005. 3.4.1 FEATURES OF C# v There are no pointers used in C#. v In C# Unsafe operations are not allowed like direct memory manipulation. v In C# we dont use â€Å":† or -> operators. v C# based on the current trend it is very powerful and simple for construct robust applications. v C# includes built in support to turn any component into a web service that can be invoked over the Internet from any application running on any platform. v C# supports encapsulation, polymorphism and interfaces. v In C# we cannot convert double to a Boolean. v C# supports the COM and windows based applications. 3.4.2 SQL Server SQL Structured query language. 3.4.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO SQL SERVER: To create a database that determines the name of the user (who creates the database) and database size. Then all file groups are used to store it and retrieve it. Before creating a database we must follow these steps: * Take Permission to create a database defaults to members of the system administrator and Database Creator has some fixed server roles, although they can grant permissions to other users. * User who creates their own database becomes owner of the database. * We can create maximum of 32,767 databases on a server. * Name of the database must be follows rules for identifiers. Three types of files are used to store a database:  · Primary files Primary files contain the startup information for the database. It can also used for stores the data. one primary file allocated to one database.  · Secondary files Secondary files hold all the data that data is not fit into the primary data file. In Databases primary file cannot hold all the data in that situation we use secondary file. Some databases have large data files so we need to use secondary files or some databases may use secondary files on separate disk drives to spread the data into multiple disks.  · Transaction log Log files are used to hold the log information and to recover the database. Each database contains one log file although there may be more than one log file. Minimum size the log file is 512 kilobytes (KB). It specifies a maximum size to which the file is permitted to grow. This prevents the file is growing data is added until the disk space is exhausted. To specify a maximum size of file we used to write MAXSIZE parameter. CREATING DATABASE PLAN: The first step of the database creation is creating a plan that serves both guide to be used for database implementation and functional specification for the database after that it has been implemented. Detailed database design is dictated by the complexity and size of the database application as well as the user population. Database can vary nature and complexity as well as planning of application. Single person can easily design and use a database or it can be large or complex for example, bank can handle many of transactions at a time. In planning database we use these basic steps: 1. First we need to gather all information. 2. Objects identified. 3. Object model. 4. Types of information for objects. 5. Relationships between the objects. 3.5 SYSTEM DESIGN 3.5.1 DATABASE DESIGN Database is a collection of interrelated data that data we stored with minimum redundancy to serve for many users quickly and competently. General objective of database design is to make the data access easy, inexpensive and flexible to the user. Database design is used to define and then specify the structure of business used in the client/server system. A business object is nothing but information that is visible to the users of the system. The database must be normalized one. Data Normalization The entities along with their attributes can be stored in many different ways into a set of tables. The methods of arranging these attributes are called normal forms. The theory behind the arrangement of attributes into table is known as normalization theory. It helps in, * Minimization of duplication data. * Providing flexibility to support different functional requirements. * Enabling the model to be translated to database design. All relations in a relational database are required to satisfy the following condition, every value in a relation each attribute value is atomic so far as system is concerned. Advantages of normalization are: * Helps in reduction in the complexity of maintaining data integrity by removing the redundant data. * It reduces inconsistency of data First normal form: * Eliminate the repeating fields. * Creates a row for each occurrence of a repeated field * Allows exploitation of column functions Second Normal Form: The second normal form has the characteristics of the first normal form and all the attributes must fully be dependent on the primary key. Input Design: Input design is process of converting the user-oriented inputs to the computer-based format. Goal of the designing input data is to make automation as easy and easily finds errors as possible. Provides good input design for the application easy data input and selected features are adopted. There is some basic requirements of the input design such as user friendliness, consistent format and give right message for interactive dialogue and it also helps the user at right time are also considered for development of the project. Following points are consider while designing the input: * Data to input? * Medium to use? * How data is arranged or coded? * Input provides dialogue to the users. * To detect the errors we need validation for data items and transactions. * when Methods for performing input validation and steps to follow when errors occur. Minimize the number of input actions required from user. This can be accomplished by using the mouse to select from predefined set of inputs. In application the user can select the options by using the mouse. The user is allowed to choose priority, mode of transport using predefined set of values. Maintain consistency between information display and data input. The visual characteristics of the display (e.g. text size, color etc) should be carried over to the input domain. In this project the status information are represented by different colors. Allow the user to customize input. An expert user might decide to create customer commands or dispense with some types of warning messages and action verification. Output Design: When designing output, systems analyst must accomplish the following: * Determine what information to present * Decide whether to display, print the information and select the output medium * Arrange the presentation of information in an acceptable format * Decide how to distribute the output to intended recipient Accomplishing the general activities listed above will require specific decisions, such as whether to use preprinted forms when preparing reports and documents, how many line to plan on printed page, or whether to user graphics and color. The output design is specified on layout forms, sheets that describe the location characteristics (such as length and type), and format of the column headings and pagination Table Name: Login This table stores the details about the login .User login table contains the fields username and password. Field Name Data Type Description User Name Text User Name Password Text User Name Table Name: Admin Registration This table stores the details about the admin .Admin registration table contains the fields username and password. Field Name Data Type Description User Name Text User Name Password Text User Name Table Name: User Registration This table stores the details about the user registration. The User Registration table contains the fields. Field Name Data Type Description Name Text User Name Age Integer Age Gender Text Gender Address Text Address Phone no Long Phone Number User Name Long User Name Password Long Password Table Name: Doctor Registration This table stores the details about the doctor registration. The Doctor Registration table contains the fields. Field Name Data Type Description Dr name Text Doctor Name Gender Text Gender Dept Text Department Consultation time Integer Consultation Time Address Text Address Contact no Long Contact Number Emergency no Long Emergency Number Consult fee Long Consultation fees Date Date/Time Date Consultation day Text Consultation Day Tot pat Double Total Patient 3.6 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM: Data flow oriented techniques advocate that the major data items handled by a system must be first identified and then the processing required on these data items to produce the desired outputs should be determined. The DFD (also called as bubble chart) is a simple graphical formalism that can be used to represent a system in terms of input data to the system, various processing carried out on these data, and the output generated by the system. It was introduced by De Macro (1978), Gene and Sarson (1979).The primitive symbols used for constructing DFDs are: Symbols used in DFD: A circle represents a process. A rectangle represents external entity A square defines source of the system data. An arrow will identify the dataflow. Double line with one end closed indicates data store 3.6.1CONTEXT DIAGRAM: 3.6.1.1Level 1 DFD Administrator: 3.6.1.2 Level 1 DFD User 3.6.1.3 Level 2 DFD User: 3.6.1.4 Level 2 DFD Admin: 3.8 SYSTEM TESTING: Testing is a process to show the correctness of the program. Testing is needed to show completeness, t improve the quality of the software and to provide the maintenance aid. Some testing standards are therefore necessary reduce the testing costs and operation time. Testing software extends throughout the coding phase and it signify the ultimate review of the design ,configuration and coding. Based on the way the software reacts to these testing, we can decide whether the configuration that has been built is study or not. All components of an application are tested, as the failure to do so many results in a series of bugs after the software is put to use. Testing involves * Unit testing * Integration testing * Acceptance testing The first level of test is unit testing. The purpose of unit testing is to ensure that each program is fully tested. The second step is integration testing. In this individual program units or programs are integrated and tested as a complete system to ensure that the software requirements are met. Acceptance Testing involves planning and the execution of various types of tests in order to demonstrate that the implemented software system satisfies the requirements. Finally our project meets the requirements after going through all the levels of testing. Chapter 4 4.IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE 4.1System Implementation: Implementation includes all those activities that take place to convert from the old system to the new system. The new system may be totally new, replacing an existing system. Proper implementation is essential to provide a reliable system to meet the organization requirements. Sometimes successful implementation may not guarantee any improvement in the organization using the new system. The implementation phase includes the following tasks: * Careful planning. * Investigation of the system and constraints. * Design of methods to achive the change over phase. * Training of staff in the change over phase. * Evaluation of change over. The method of implementation and time scale to be adapted is found out initially.Next,the system is tested properly and at the same time the users were trained in the new environment. In Infrastructure of the E-Health implementation process is successfully implemented the system by satisfying all the aspects of the user. All the procedure are designed to minimise the users resistance to change and make a attitude for f

Feared Drowned :: essays research papers

Favorite Poem I picked the poem â€Å"Feared Drowned† by Sharon Olds as my favorite poem because it reminds me of a hard time that I had to overcome in my life. Once in my lifetime, I found this one perfect person who I fell in love with and lived happily ever after. Yeah, in reality this did not happen. Yes, we did have common interests and therefore developed romantic involvement. Real life relationships are more like "The Real World" rather than "Romeo and Juliet". It was a fact of life that couples do break up. In my freshman year of college I lost someone very special. My girlfriend at that time broke up with me but she still wanted to be friends. We had been in a relationship for about 4 years and all of a sudden everything started to fall apart. I could not figure out how that could be possible to be friends still. I always thought once you break up that’s it you go your way and I go my way. I didn’t really want to be friends with her. I was ready to move on with life but she kept coming back to me. Although, I didn’t look at her the same way I used to but she still wanted talk on the phone and go out. Growing apart was the reason for our break-up. This was an instance where we just did not feel attracted to each other anymore and that resulted in an end of relationship. She started talking to another guy and I started talking to this one girl and we came to the conclusion that we should break-up before anything bad happened such as losing trust in one another and this could hurt our relationships forever. Now I have overcame that tough time and I am still friends with my ex-girlfriend.

Ammaniti’s Novel, I’m Not Scared Essay -- I’m Not Scared by Ammaniti

This is a profoundly moral tale of lost innocence and adult cruelty. Do you agree? Ammaniti’s novel I’m Not Scared set in Acqua Traverse, Italy 1978 is a powerful text, which explores relevant social themes and issues. Besides being a tale of adult cruelty and lost innocence we cannot ignore the role in which loyalty and betrayal play in the novel. These central themes make this novel a compelling text. In the novel Michelle journeys from a joyful innocent child into a perceptive and wiser youth. Initially we view Michelle as a child who is very compassionate, willing to â€Å"do the forfeit† for Barbara to exempt her from Skull’s cruelty. As the story progresses qualities namely courage and loyalty surface in Michelle. These two qualities are most noticeable when he states, â€Å"I’m going to see Fillipo†¦ Who’s Fillipo? He’s a friend of mine†. Michelle’s actions show and justify a belief that he has in a sense â€Å"lost his innocence†. Michelle also shows maturity when he acknowledges that his father may not be a loving man, stating, †Papa was the bogeyman. By day he was good, by night he was bad†. He realises that the adults are cruel and is astounded when he notices his father stating â€Å"two ears we’ll cut off. Two!†. Michelle loses his innocence after witnessing the cruelty displayed by t he adults as well as being tested by the notions of loyalty and betrayal. The adults with the exception of Michelle’s mother can all be seen as having key roles in the kidnapping. The treatment ...

Analysis of The Outcasts of Poker Flat by John Oakhurst :: The Outcasts of Poker Flat John Oakhurst Essays

Analysis of The Outcasts of Poker Flat by John Oakhurst John Oakhurst is the main character in â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat†. John is an outstanding person and has some phenomenal traits. Such as that he is unusually calm, courageous, and modest. John has shown numerous times in â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat†, that he is an extraordinarily calm person. One time in which Mr. Oakhurst showed extreme calmness is when the men come to take him away, and he just took what is coming. That to me shows extreme calmness. Another time when John Oakhurst shoes his trait of calmness is when he has to walk on foot back to Poker Flat to save Piney. John just said that he would try, and off he went. No worries or second thoughts about it. Those two things to me, show that John Oakhurst is a extremely calm person. John, the gambler, is an extremely courageous person. He has proven this by a number of actions in this story. First of all he shows tons of courage by not getting scared when the travelers and him get snowed in. If it where me I probably would have run off like Uncle Billy did. Another example of when Mr. Oakhurst showed courage was when he kicked Uncle Billy to stop him from laughing. Most people would have just told him to stop laughing. But not Mr. Oakhurst, he just gave him a swift kick in the stomach. That to me shows the utmost courage in the world. Another one of John’s traits is that he is overwhelmingly modest. Mr. Oakhurst’s modesty is proven numerous times in this short story by Brett Harte. One of those times is when John puts the death card on the tree, he doesn’t boast about dying while trying to save a life. He simply states that he ran out of luck on a certain day. Another time in which John displayed modesty is when he never boasts of winning all that money during card games.

Forward the Foundation Chapter 29

32 â€Å"Professor Seldon come in,† said Chief Librarian Tryma Acarnio in an icy tone of voice. Hari Seldon accompanied by Wanda and Palver, entered the Chief Librarian's imposing office. â€Å"Thank you, Chief Librarian,† said Seldon as he settled into a chair and faced Acarnio across the vast desk. â€Å"May I introduce my granddaughter Wanda and my friend Stettin Palver. Wanda is a most valuable member of the Psychohistory Project, her specialty being in the field of mathematics. And Stettin, well, Stettin is turning into a first-rate general psychohistorian-when he's not performing his duties as my bodyguard, that is.† Seldon chuckled amiably. â€Å"Yes, well, that's all well and good, Professor,† said Acarnio, baffled by Seldon's good humor. He had expected the professor to come in groveling, begging for another chance at special Library privileges. â€Å"But I don't understand what it is you wanted to see me about. I assume you realize that our position is firm: We cannot allow a Library association with someone so extremely unpopular with the general population. We are, after all, a public library and we must keep the public's sentiments in mind.† Acarnio settled back-perhaps now the groveling would begin. â€Å"I realize that I have not been able to sway you. However, I thought that if you heard from a couple of the Project's younger members-the psychohistorians of tomorrow, as it were-that perhaps you'd get a better feel about what a vital role the Project-and the Encyclopedia, in particular-will play in our future. Please hear Wanda and Stettin out.† Acarnio cast a cold eye toward the two young people flanking Seldon. â€Å"Very well, then,† he said, pointedly eyeing the timestrip on the wall. â€Å"Five minutes and no more. I have a Library to run.† â€Å"Chief Librarian,† began Wanda, â€Å"as my grandfather has undoubtedly explained to you, psychohistory is a most valuable tool to be used for the preservation of our culture. Yes, preservation, † she repeated, upon seeing Acarnio's eyes widen at the word. â€Å"Undue emphasis has been placed on the destruction of the Empire. By doing so, the true value of psychohistory has been overlooked. For, with psychohistory, as we are able to predict the inevitable decline of our civilization, so are we able to take steps toward its preservation. That is what the Encyclopedia Galactica is all about. And that is why we need your help, and the help of your great Library.† Acarnio could not resist smiling. The young lady had an undeniable charm. She was so earnest, so well spoken. He gazed at her sitting in front of him, her blond hair pulled back in a rather severe scholarly style, one which could not hide her attractive features but, rather, showed them off. What she was saying was starting to make sense. Maybe Wanda Seldon was right-maybe he had been looking at this problem from the wrong angle. If it were actually a matter of preservation, rather than destruction†¦ â€Å"Chief Librarian,† began Stettin Palver, â€Å"this great Library has stood for millennia. It, perhaps even more than the Imperial Palace, represents the vast power of the Empire. For, the Palace houses only the Empire's leader, while the Library is home to the sum total of Imperial knowledge, culture, and history. Its value is incalculable. â€Å"Does it not make sense to prepare a tribute to this great repository? The Encyclopedia Galactica will be just that-a giant summary of all the knowledge contained within these very walls. Think of it!† All of a sudden it seemed so very clear to Acarnio. How could he have let the Board (especially that sourpuss Gennaro Mummery) convince him to rescind Seldon's privileges? Las Zenow, a person whose judgment he greatly esteemed, had been a wholehearted supporter of Seldon's Encyclopedia. He glanced again at the three in front of him, waiting for his decision. The Board would be hard-pressed to find anything to complain about with the Project members-if the young people now in his office were a representative sample of the kind of persons involved with Seldon. Acarnio rose and walked across his office, his brow furrowed, as if framing his thoughts. He picked up a milky crystal sphere from a table and hefted it in his palm. â€Å"Trantor,† Acarnio began thoughtfully, â€Å"seat of the Empire, center of all the Galaxy. Quite amazing, when you think of it. We have, perhaps, been too quick to judge Professor Seldon. Now that your Project, this Encyclopedia Galactica, has been presented to me in such a light†-he gave a brief nod to Wanda and Palver-â€Å"I realize how important it would be to allow you to continue your work here. And, of course, to grant access to a number of your colleagues.† Seldon smiled gratefully and squeezed Wanda's hand. â€Å"It is not only for the greater glory of the Empire that I am recommending this,† continued Acarnio, apparently warming to the idea (and the sound of his own voice). â€Å"You are famous, Professor Seldon. Whether people think of you as a crackpot or a genius, everyone seems to have an opinion. If an academic of your stature is allied with the Galactic Library, it can only increase our prestige as a bastion of intellectual pursuit of the highest order. Why, the luster of your presence can be used to raise much-needed funds to update our collections, increase our staff, keep our doors open to the public longer†¦ â€Å"And the prospect of the Encyclopedia Galactica itself-what a monumental project! Imagine the reaction when the public learns that the Galactic Library is involved with such an undertaking designed to highlight the splendor of our civilization-our glorious history, our brilliant achievements, our magnificent cultures. And to think that I, Chief Librarian Tryma Acarnio, is responsible for making sure that this great Project gets its start-† Acarnio gazed intently into the crystal sphere, lost in reverie. â€Å"Yes, Professor Seldon,† Acarnio pulled himself back to the here and now. â€Å"You and your colleagues will be granted full insiders' privileges-and a suite of offices in which to work.† He placed the crystal sphere back on its table and, with a swish of robes, moved back to his desk. â€Å"It might take a little doing, of course, to persuade the Board-but I am confident that I can handle them. Just leave it to me.† Seldon, Wanda, and Palver looked at each other in triumph, with small smiles playing at the corner of their mouths. Tryma Acarnio gestured that they could go and so they did, leaving the Chief Librarian settled in his chair, dreaming of the glory and honor that would come to the Library under his aegis. â€Å"Amazing,† said Seldon when the three were safely ensconced in their ground-car. â€Å"If you could have seen him at our last meeting. He said I was ‘threatening the essential fabric of our Empire' or some such rot. And today, after just a few minutes with you two-â€Å" â€Å"It wasn't too hard, Grandpa,† Wanda said as she pressed a contact, moving the ground-car out into traffic. She sat back as the auto-propel took over; Wanda had punched their destination coordinates into the control panel. â€Å"He is a man with a strong sense of self-importance. All we had to do was play up the positive aspects of the Encyclopedia and his ego took over from there.† â€Å"He was a goner the minute Wanda and I walked in,† Palver said from the back. â€Å"With both of us pushing him, it was a piece of cake.† Palver reached forward and squeezed Wanda's shoulder affectionately. She smiled, reached up, and patted his hand. â€Å"I must alert the Encyclopedists as soon as possible,† Seldon said. â€Å"Although there are only thirty-two left, they are good and dedicated workers. I'll get them installed at the Library and then I'll tackle the next hurdle-credits. Perhaps this alliance with the Library is what I need to convince people to give us funding. Let's see-I'll call upon Terep Bindris again and I'll take you two with me. He was kindly disposed toward me, at least at first. But how will he be able to resist us now?† The ground-car eventually came to a halt outside the Psychohistory Building at Streeling. The side panels slid open, but Seldon did not immediately move to disembark. He turned to face Wanda. â€Å"Wanda, you know what you and Stettin were able to accomplish with Acarnio; I'm sure you both can push some credits out of a few financial benefactors as well. â€Å"I know how you hate to leave your beloved Prime Radiant, but these visits will give you two a chance to practice, to hone your skills, to get an idea of just what you can do.† â€Å"All right, Grandpa, although I'm sure that, now that you have the Library's imprimatur, you will find that resistance to your requests has lessened.† â€Å"There's another reason I think it's important for the two of you to get out and around together. Stettin, I believe you said that on certain occasions you've ‘felt' another mind like yours but haven't been able to identify it.† â€Å"Yes,† answered Palver, â€Å"I've had flashes, but each time I was in a crowd. And, in my twenty-four years, I can remember feeling such a flash just four or five times.† â€Å"But, Stettin,† said Seldon, his voice low with intensity, â€Å"each flash was, potentially, the mind of another person like you and Wanda-another mentalic. Wanda's never felt these flashes because, frankly, she's been sheltered all her life. The few times she's been out in a crowd there must not have been any other mentalics around. â€Å"That's one reason-perhaps the most important reason-for you two to get out-with me or without me. We must find other mentalics. The two of you alone are strong enough to push a single person. A large group of you, all pushing together, will have the power to move an Empire!† With that. Hari Seldon swung his legs around and hoisted himself out of the ground-car. As Wanda and Palver watched him limp up the pathway to the Psychohistory Building, they were only dimly aware of the enormous responsibility Seldon had just placed on their young shoulders. 33 It was midafternoon and the Trantorian sun glinted on the metal skin covering the great planet. Hari Seldon stood at the edge of the Streeling University observation deck, attempting to shield his eyes from the harsh glare with his hand. It had been years since he'd been out from under the dome, save for his few visits to the Palace, and somehow those didn't count; one was still very much enclosed on the Imperial grounds. Seldon no longer traveled around only if accompanied. In the first place, Palver spent the majority of his time with Wanda, either working on the Prime Radiant, absorbed in mentalic research, or searching for others like them. But if he had wanted, Seldon could have found another young man-a University student or a Project member-to act as his bodyguard. However, Seldon knew that a bodyguard was no longer necessary. Since the much publicized hearing and the reestablishment of ties with the Galactic Library, the Commission for Public Safety had taken a keen interest in Seldon. Seldon knew that he was being followed; he had caught sight of his â€Å"shadow† on a number of occasions in the past few months. He also had no doubt that his home and office had been infiltrated by listening devices, but he himself activated a static shield whenever he engaged in sensitive communications. Seldon was not sure what the Commission thought of him-perhaps they were not yet sure themselves. Regardless of whether they believed him to be a prophet or a crackpot, they made it their business to know where he was at all times-and that meant that, until the Commission deemed otherwise, at all times Seldon was safe. A light breeze billowed the deep blue cloak Seldon had draped over his unisuit and ruffed the few wispy white hairs remaining on his head. He glanced down over the railing, taking in the seamless steel blanket below. Beneath that blanket, Seldon knew, rumbled the machinery of a vastly complicated world. If the dome were transparent, one would see ground-cars racing, gravicabs swooshing through an intricate network of interconnecting tunnels, space hyperships being loaded and unloaded with grain and chemicals and jewels bound for and from practically every world of the Empire. Below the gleaming metal cover, the lives of forty billion people were being conducted, with all the attendant pain, joy, and drama of human life. It was an image he loved dearly-this panorama of human achievement-and it pierced his heart to know that, in just a few centuries, all that now lay before him would be in ruins. The great dome would be ripped and scarred, torn away to reveal the desolate wasteland of what was once the seat of a thriving civilization. He shook his head in sadness, for he knew there was nothing he could do to prevent that tragedy. But, as Seldon foresaw the ruined dome, he also knew that from the ground laid bare by the last battles of the Empire living shoots would spring and somehow Trantor would reemerge as a vital member of the new Empire. The Plan saw to that. Seldon lowered himself onto one of the benches ringing the deck's perimeter. His leg was throbbing painfully; the exertion of the trip had been a bit much. But it had been worth it to gaze once again at Trantor, to feel the open air around him and see the vast sky above. Seldon thought wistfully of Wanda. He rarely saw his granddaughter at all anymore and invariably Stettin Palver was present when he did. In the three months since Wanda and Palver had met, they seemed to be inseparable. Wanda assured Seldon that the constant involvement was necessary for the Project, but Seldon suspected it went deeper than mere devotion to one's job. He remembered the telltale signs from his early days with Dors. It was there in the way the two young people looked at each other, with an intensity born not only of intellectual stimulation but emotional motivation as well. Further, by their very natures, Wanda and Palver seemed to be more comfortable with each other than with other people. In fact, Seldon had discovered that when no one else was around, Wanda and Palver didn't even talk to each other; their mentalic abilities were sufficiently advanced that they had no need of words to communicate. The other Project members were not aware of Wanda's and Palver's unique talents. Seldon had felt it best to keep the mentalics' work quiet, at least until their role in the Plan was firmly defined. Actually the Plan itself was firmly defined-but solely in Seldon's mind. As a few more pieces fell into place, he would reveal his Plan to Wanda and Palver and someday, of necessity, to one or two others. Seldon stood slowly, stiffly. He was due back at Streeling in an hour to meet Wanda and Palver. They had left word for him that they were bringing a great surprise. Another piece for the puzzle, Seldon hoped. He looked out one last time over Trantor and, before turning to make his way back to the gravitic repulsion elevator, smiled and softly said, â€Å"Foundation.† 34 Hari Seldon entered his office to find that Wanda and Palver had already arrived and were seated around the conference table at the far end of the room. As was usual with those two, the room was completely silent. Then Seldon stopped short, noticing that a new fellow was sitting with them. How strange-out of politeness, Wanda and Palver usually reverted to standard speech when in the company of other people, yet none of the three was speaking. Seldon studied the stranger-an odd-looking man, about thirty-five years old, with the myopic look of one caught up for too long in his studies. If it weren't for a certain determined set to the stranger's jaw, Seldon thought he might be dismissed as ineffectual, but that would obviously be a mistake. There was both strength and kindness in the man's face. A trustworthy face, Seldon decided. â€Å"Grandfather,† Wanda said, rising gracefully from her chair. Seldon's heart ached as he looked at his granddaughter. She'd changed so much in the past few months, since the loss of her family. Whereas before she had always called him Grandpa, now it was the more formal Grandfather. In the past it seemed she could barely refrain from grins and giggles; lately her serene gaze was lightened only occasionally by a beatific smile. But-now as always-she was beautiful and that beauty was surpassed only by her stunning intellect. â€Å"Wanda, Palver,† Seldon said, kissing the former on the cheek and slapping the latter on the shoulder. â€Å"Hello,† Seldon said, turning to the stranger, who had also stood. â€Å"I am Hari Seldon.† â€Å"I am most honored to meet you, Professor,† the man replied. â€Å"I am Bor Alurin.† Alurin offered a hand to Seldon in the archaic and, hence, most formal mode of greeting. â€Å"Bor is a psychologist, Hari,† said Palver, â€Å"and a great fan of your work.† â€Å"More important, Grandfather,† said Wanda, â€Å"Bor is one of us.† â€Å"One of you?† Seldon looked searchingly from one to the other. â€Å"Do you mean†¦?† Seldon's eyes sparkled. â€Å"Yes, Grandfather. Yesterday Stettin and I were walking through Ery Sector, getting out and around, as you'd suggested, probing for others. All of a sudden-wham!-there it was.† â€Å"We recognized the thought patterns immediately and began to look around, trying to establish a link,† Palver said, taking up the story. â€Å"We were in a commercial area, near the spaceport, so the walkways were clogged with shoppers and tourists and Outworld traders. It seemed hopeless, but then Wanda simply stopped and signaled Come here and out of the crowd Bor appeared. He just walked up to us and signaled Yes?† â€Å"Amazing,† Seldon said, beaming at his granddaughter. â€Å"And Dr.-it is Doctor, isn't it?-Alurin, what do you make of all this?† â€Å"Well,† began the psychologist thoughtfully, â€Å"I am pleased. I've always felt different somehow and now I know why. And if I can be of any help to you, why-† The psychologist looked down at his feet, as if all of a sudden he realized he was being presumptuous. â€Å"What I mean is, Wanda and Stettin said I may be able to contribute in some way to your Psychohistory Project. Professor, nothing would please me more.† â€Å"Yes yes. That's quite true, Dr. Alurin. In fact, I think you may make a great contribution to the Project-if you'll join me. Of course, you'll have to give up whatever it is you do now, whether it is teaching or private practice. Can you manage that?† â€Å"Why, yes, Professor, of course. I may need a little help convincing my wife-† At this he chuckled slightly, glancing shyly at each of his three companions in turn. â€Å"But I seem to have a way with that.† â€Å"So it's set, then,† said Seldon briskly. â€Å"You will join the Psychohistory Project. I promise you, Dr. Alurin, this is a decision you will not regret.† â€Å"Wanda, Stettin,† Seldon said later, after Bor Alurin had left. â€Å"This is a most welcome breakthrough. How quickly do you think you can find more mentalics?† â€Å"Grandfather, it took us over a month to locate Bor-we cannot predict with what frequency others will be found. â€Å"To tell you the truth, all this ‘out and around' takes us away from our work on the Prime Radiant and it is distracting as well. Now that I have Stettin to ‘talk' to, verbal communication is somewhat too harsh, too loud. â€Å" Seldon's smile faded. He had been afraid of this. As Wanda and Palver had been honing their mentalic skills, so their tolerance for â€Å"ordinary† life had diminished. It only made sense; their mentalic manipulations set them apart. â€Å"Wanda, Stettin, I think it may be time for me to tell you more about the idea Yugo Amaryl had years ago and about the Plan I've devised as a result of that idea. I haven't been ready to elaborate upon it until now, because until this moment, all the pieces have not been in place. â€Å"As you know, Yugo felt we must establish two Foundations-each as a fail-safe measure for the other. It was a brilliant idea, one which I wish Yugo could have lived long enough to see realized.† Here Seldon paused, heaving a regretful sigh. â€Å"But I digress. Six years ago, when I was certain that Wanda had mentalic, or mind-touching, capabilities, it came to me that not only should there be two Foundations but that they should be distinct in nature, as well. One would be made up of physical scientists-the Encyclopedists will be their pioneer group on Terminus. The second would be made up of true psychohistorians; mentalists-you. That is why I've been so eager for you to find others like you. â€Å"Finally, though, is this: The Second Foundation must be secret. Its strength will lie in its seclusion, in its telepathic omnipresence and omnipotence. â€Å"You see, a few years ago, when it became apparent that I would require the services of a bodyguard, I realized that the Second Foundation must be the strong, silent, secret bodyguard of the primary Foundation. â€Å"Psychohistory is not infallible-its predictions are, however, highly probable. The Foundation, especially in its infancy, will have many enemies, as do I today. â€Å"Wanda, you and Palver are the pioneers of the Second Foundation, the guardians of the Terminus Foundation.† â€Å"But how, Grandfather?† demanded Wanda. â€Å"We are just two-well, three, if you count Bor. To guard the entire Foundation, we would need-â€Å" â€Å"Hundreds? Thousands? Find however many it takes, Granddaughter. You can do it. And you know how. â€Å"Earlier, when relating the story of finding Dr. Alurin, Stettin said you simply stopped and communicated out to the mentalic presence you felt and he came to you. Don't you see? All along I've been urging you to go out and find others like you. But this is difficult, almost painful for you. I realize now that you and Stettin must seclude yourselves, in order to form the nucleus of the Second Foundation. From there you will cast your nets into the ocean of humanity.† â€Å"Grandfather, what are you saying?† Wanda asked in a whisper. She had left her seat and was kneeling next to Seldon's chair. â€Å"Do you want me to leave?† â€Å"No, Wanda,† Seldon replied, his voice choked with emotion. â€Å"I don't want you to leave, but it is the only way. You and Stettin must isolate yourselves from the crude physicality of Trantor. As your mentalic abilities grow stronger, you will attract others to you-the silent and secret Foundation will grow. â€Å"We will be in touch-occasionally, of course. And each of us has a Prime Radiant. You see, don't you, the truth-and the absolute necessity-of what I am saying, don't you?† â€Å"Yes, I do, Grandfather,† said Wanda. â€Å"More important, I feel the brilliance of it as well. Rest assured; we won't let you down.† â€Å"I know you won't, dear,† Seldon said wearily. How could he do this-how could he send his darling granddaughter away? She was his last link to his happiest days, to Dors, Yugo, and Raych. She was the only other Seldon in the Galaxy. â€Å"I shall miss you terribly, Wanda,† Seldon said as a tear worked its way down his finely creased cheek. â€Å"But, Grandfather,† Wanda said as she stood with Palver, preparing to leave. â€Å"Where shall we go? Where is the Second Foundation?† Seldon looked up and said, â€Å"The Prime Radiant has already told you, Wanda.† Wanda looked at Seldon blankly, searching her memory. Seldon reached out and clutched at his granddaughter's hand. â€Å"Touch my mind, Wanda. It is there.† Wanda's eyes widened as she reached into Seldon's mind. â€Å"I see,† Wanda whispered to Seldon. Section 33A2D17. Star's End. Part V Epilogue I am Hari Seldon. Former First Minister to Emperor Cleon I. Professor Emeritus of Psychohistory at Streeling University on Trantor. Director of the Psychohistory Research Project. Executive Editor of the Encyclopedia Galactica. Creator of the Foundation. It all sounds quite impressive, I know. I have done a great deal in my eighty-one years and I am tired. Looking back over my life, I wonder if I could have-should have-done certain things differently. For instance: Was I so concerned with the grand sweep of psychohistory that the people and events that intersected my life sometimes seemed inconsequential by comparison? Perhaps I neglected to make some small incidental adjustments here or there that would have in no way compromised the future of humanity but might have dramatically improved the life of an individual dear to me. Yugo, Raych†¦ I can't help but wonder†¦ Was there something I could have done to save my beloved Dors? Last month I finished recording the Crisis holograms. My assistant, Gaal Dornick, has taken them to Terminus to oversee their installation in the Seldon Vault. He will make sure that the Vault is sealed and that the proper instructions are left for the eventual openings of the Vault, during the Crises. I'll be dead by then, of course. What will they think, those future Foundationers, when they see me (or, more accurately, my hologram) during the First Crisis, almost fifty years from now? Will they comment on how old I look or how weak my voice is or how small I seem, bundled in this wheelchair? Will they understand-appreciate-the message I've left for them? Ah well, there's really no point in speculating. As the ancients would say: The die is cast. I heard from Gaal yesterday. All is going well on Terminus. Bor Alurin and the Project members are flourishing in â€Å"exile.† I shouldn't gloat, but I can't help but chuckle when I recall the self-satisfied look on the face of that pompous idiot Linge Chen when he banished the Project to Terminus two years ago. Although ultimately the exile was couched in terms of an Imperial Charter (â€Å"A state-supported scientific institution and part of the personal domain of His August Majesty, the Emperor†-the Chief Commissioner wanted us off Trantor and out of his hair, but he could not bear the thought of giving up complete control), it is still a source of secret delight to know that it was Las Zenow and I who chose Terminus as Foundation's home. My one regret where Linge Chen is concerned is that we were not able to save Agis. That Emperor was a good man and a noble leader, even if he was Imperial in name only. His mistake was to believe in his title and the Commission of Public Safety would not tolerate the burgeoning Imperial independence. I often wonder what they did to Agis-was he exiled to some remote Outer World or assassinated like Cleon? The boy-child who sits on the throne today is the perfect puppet Emperor. He obeys every word Linge Chen whispers in his ear and fancies himself a budding statesman. The Palace and trappings of Imperial life are but toys to him in some vast fantastical game. What will I do now? With Gaal finally gone to join the Terminus group, I am utterly alone. I hear from Wanda occasionally. The work at Star's End continues on course; in the past decade she and Stettin have added dozens of mentalics to their number. They increasingly grow in power. It was the Star's End contingent-my secret Foundation-who pushed Linge Chen into sending the Encyclopedists to Terminus. I miss Wanda. It has been many years since I've seen her, sat with her quietly, holding her hand. When Wanda left, even though I had asked her to go, I thought I would die of heartbreak. That was, perhaps, the most difficult decision I ever had to make and, although I never told her, I almost decided against it. But for the Foundation to succeed, it was necessary for Wanda and Stettin to go to Star's End. Psychohistory decreed it, so perhaps it wasn't really my decision, after all. I still come here every day, to my office in the Psychohistory Building. I remember when this structure was filled with people, day and night. Sometimes I feel as if it's filled with voices, those of my long-departed family, students, colleagues-but the offices are empty and silent. The hallways echo with the whirr of my wheelchair motor. I suppose I should vacate the building, return it to the University to allocate to another department. But somehow it's hard to let go of this place. There are so many memories†¦ All I have now is this, my Prime Radiant. This is the means by which psychohistory can be computed, through which every equation in my Plan may be analyzed, all here in this amazing, small black cube. As I sit here, this deceptively simple-looking tool in the palm of my hand, I wish I could show it to R. Daneel Olivaw†¦ But I am alone, and need only to close a contact for the office lights to dim. As I settle back in my wheelchair, the Prime Radiant activates, its equations spreading around me in three-dimensional splendor. To the untrained eye, this multicolored swirl would be merely a jumble of shapes and numbers, but for me-and Yugo, Wanda, Gaal-this is psychohistory, come to life. What I see before me, around me, is the future of humanity. Thirty thousand years of potential chaos, compressed into a single millennium†¦ That patch, glowing more strongly day by day, is the Terminus equation. And there-skewed beyond repair-are the Trantor figures. But I can see†¦ yes, softly beaming, a steady light of hope†¦ Star's End! This-this-was my life's work. My past-humanity's future. Foundation. So beautiful, so alive. And nothing can†¦ Dors! SELDON, HARI-†¦ found dead, slumped over his desk in his office at Streeling University in 12,069 G.E. (1 F.E.). Apparently Seldon had been working up to his last moments on psychohistorical equations; his activated Prime Radiant was discovered clutched in his hand†¦ According to Seldon's instructions, the instrument was shipped to his colleague Gaal Dornick who had recently emigrated to Terminus†¦ Seldon's body was jettisoned into space, also in accordance with instructions he'd left. The official memorial service on Trantor was simple, though well attended. It is worth noting that Seldon's old friend former First Minister Eto Demerzel attended the event. Demerzel had not been seen since his mysterious disappearance immediately following the Joranumite Conspiracy during the reign of Emperor Cleon I. Attempts by the Commission of Public Safety to locate Demerzel in the days following the Seldon memorial proved to be unsuccessful†¦ Wanda Seldon, Hari Seldon's granddaughter, did not attend the ceremony. It was rumored that she was grief-stricken and had refused all public appearances. To this day, her whereabouts from then on remain unknown†¦ It has been said that Hari Seldon left this life as he lived it, for he died with the future he created unfolding all around him†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica [1] All quotations from the Encyclopedia Galactica here reproduced are taken from the 116th Edition, published 1,020 F.E. by the Encyclopedia Galactica Publishing Co., Terminus, with permission of the publishers.