Motivation Letter Essay

Financial matters, as a field, had consistently interested me directly from my school days. As I grew up, I step by step came to welcome the significance of financial aspects in the advanced world. In the college, I was blessed to have been presented to many fascinating and testing fields. Be that as it may, I at last decided to study Accounting, which gives me central information on numerous financial related speculations and ideas, just as commonality with insights and information examination. I additionally took in the essential principles of Economics in courses, for example, Finance, Management, Accounting and Public Finance. Consequently I improved it with CMA Certificate courses directly after graduation in 2006 These courses uncovered to me the significance of the financial segment in the general public, other than that I understood that Economic and Finance experts have the favored chance of overseeing resources and examining dangers to guarantee the future accomplishment of an organization or association. In 2010 and in the wake of having three years experience as Customer Service and Letters of Credits and Guarantees Officer, Business Development Officer at Bank Audi, and One year as Senior Account Officer/Corporate Business Development at Bank of Jordan, I understood the significance of fund and speculation, giving the way that the primary choice of any undertaking is the place to put away cash and how to assess venture openings. In this manner, I chose to seek after postgraduate examinations in speculation and money that would in a perfect world supplement my scholastic information and experience, yet shockingly the flow pitiful circumstance in my nation freezes all my scholarly possibilities. So I’m appearing to be a piece of a deferential program and a chance to meet individuals and market analysts in one of the world most created countries. In 5 years, I see myself driving a venture and money related area where I am included structure productive universal business relations, planning organized monetary items and overseeing very much enhanced and compelling portfolios by joining bleeding edge philosophies and complex devices that offer an important speculation chance to the likely financial specialist. All through this course I will use my current abilities with the information on money and financial aspects that will assist me with achieving my medium-term vocation objectives to oversee capital, make portfolios, perform mergers and acquisitions, and guarantee future monetary soundness for organizations, just as assisting budgetary administrations industry with making the privilege money related choices that will prompt monetary steadiness and exceptional yields. In the long haul, such information, aptitudes and experience will assist me with helping the Syrian market in structuring, actualizing and checking budgetary arrangements, arranging and executing the financing activities, and interfacing with the monetary network and speculators.

A Big Threat to Brokerage Firms Free Essays

Nowadays, cheats and tricks are detectably uncontrolled. In business, on the Internet, in the bank and any substance where cash might be removed. Business firms and multifaceted investments never got away from this reality and these organizations excessively are truly powerless to cheats and this reality is considered as a major danger upon the strength of the money related market. We will compose a custom article test on A Big Threat to Brokerage Firms or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Mutual funds are at present among the most well known or most sizzling sort of speculation prospects in the securities exchange nowadays. This sort of venture â€Å"have been noticeable in the money related news, pulling in a great deal of consideration from financial specialists, business firms, the Securities and Exchange Commission or SEC† (Evans, Atkinson, and Cho 2005) Brokerage firms then again have speculation counsels and stockbrokers which are pack with data should have been transferred to the speculators. As such, on the off chance that they are having plans to cheat and control the data they have, which is an unscrupulous demonstration, they really can. The previously mentioned multifaceted investments and business are truly vulnerable to misrepresentation brought about by unsatisfactory speculations. These unsatisfactory ventures happen when the delegate representative of the firm make distortions of the speculation to a client or if this merchant operator miss the mark in unveiling â€Å"to the client the entirety of the material realities about the investment† (Stoneman and Schulz) to put it plainly, this is a cheat, which, the average folks additionally distinguish as a falsehood. Misrepresentation is either lying or excluding something and as indicated by the SEC, under Rule 10 (b) (5), utilizing any plan, cunning or gadget cheating somebody or some element establish extortion or offering false expressions of material actuality offering the expression made, considering the conditions under which they were made, not deluding is another approach to dupe. In addition, participating in any demonstration, practice or course of business which work or would work as an extortion or trickery upon any individual or element regarding any buy or offer of any security. Despite the fact that well off financial specialists in the multifaceted investments believe the event of misrepresentation to be irrelevant, it is at present happening â€Å"too frequently to be ignored† (Guarding Against 2005) In reality for as far back as five years earlier March 2005, there were at that point an aggregate of fifty-one (51) false flexible investments cases with speculator misfortunes of around $ 5. 1 billion. One well known sort misrepresentation in multifaceted investments was imagined as right on time as 1919 called the Ponzi Scheme after Carlo Ponzi who originally used this strategy. With this sort extortion, the store director keeps up the fiction that the reserve is performing well overall and is producing returns while it urges new financial specialist to contribute and utilizing their speculations to take care of those previous speculators at a higher rate as opposed to contributing the sum. On the business firms, they are the ones releasing the data to financial specialists prompting extortion. Truth be told, the SEC claimed that financier firms selected new speculators for flexible investments from their customers (a procedure known as â€Å"capital presentations. † (Evans, Atkinson, and Cho 2005) General fake business firm practices incorporate stock marker control to profit someone in particular or substance; using fake records in exchanging the securities exchange; exchanging without the public’s data; doing exchanges that are unapproved; declining to customers’ sell requests; and misrepresenting firm’s records. Besides, increasingly characterized kinds of business extortion (Brokerage Fraud, 2008) incorporate (1) one-sided speculation guidance; (2) unwarranted exhortation; (3) opposing venture counsel; (4) proceeding with a hazard; and (5) irreconcilable circumstance. Every one of these five depicts control by the firm, exploiting as the counselor in impacting the choice of the client in a strange way. As ahead of schedule as 2004 the SEC has been requiring financier firms to introduce significant data expressing the ways on how they help the speculative stock investments enlist new speculators so as to forestall deceitful raising money. The SEC is additionally exploring chosen cases to draw data from them and from which speculative stock investments may have utilized insider data to their finishes and subsequently picking up benefit. This is particularly evident on starting open contributions (IPOs) This is concurring an article entitled Guarding Against Hedge Fund Fraud issue number 3 of the Trusting the Independent Financial Advisor Journal. The SEC advices the financier firm with the goal for them to remain inside the standards and won't be punished. This counsel incorporates (1) reasonable managing; (2) best execution; (3) client affirmation rule; and (4) divulgence of credit terms. These general guidelines are installed in the SEC’s Compliance Guide to the Registration and Regulation of Brokers and Dealers. Basically expressed, the SEC and the American government when all is said in done don't have any desire to have another Merrill Lynch, Salomon Smith Barney, Morgan Stanley or Bear Sterns misdirecting general society. . Works Cited Evans, Thomas G. , Stan Atkinson, and Charles H. Cho. 2005. Support investments Investing: Current Advice for Financial Advisers and Planners. Diary of Accountancy 199, no. 2: 52+. Morgenson, Gretchen. â€Å"Brokerage Firm Is Indicted In Fraud Case. † The New York Times, July 9, 1999, from http://question. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9E02E2D8143CF93AA35754C0A96F958260. National Legal News â€Å"Brokerage Fraud. † 2008 from http://www. lawyershop. com/news/practice-regions/criminal-law/desk wrongdoings/protections extortion/financier misrepresentation/. Stoneman, Tracy P. furthermore, Douglas J. Schulz. 2002. California: Kaplan Business Publishers The Securities and Exchange Commission. â€Å"Litigation Briefs. †2008 from . http://www. sec. gov/prosecution/briefs/homestore_020405. pdf. Confiding in the Independent Financial Advisor Journal. â€Å"Guarding Against Hedge Fund Fraud† issue number 3. Walk 2005, Switzerland: Roland Ray. The most effective method to refer to A Big Threat to Brokerage Firms, Papers

Listen to MIT Is with Cynthia F. 18

Listen to “MIT Is…” with Cynthia F. ‘18 A few weeks ago, I posted our inaugural audio thing where I talked with Holly, who works on our communications team, about applicatons, art, and action team. As I said then, we had been (and still are) kicking around the idea of an audio thing for awhile, and decided to give it a shot. One of the people wed been kicking it around with is Kellen Manning, the communications coordinator for MIT Student Life and erstwhile guestblogger. Kellen works with MIT students to run the @MITStudents accounts on Twitter, Instagram, and  tumblr, among others. You can think (as I do) of @MITstudents as being complementary to the blogs: whereas we hire a few students, typically as a freshman, and follow them through all four years as they develop at MIT, Kellen recruits students to take over these accounts for a week at a time, to give followers many different viewpoints into life at MIT. And, around the same time we started thinking seriously about trying an audio thing, so did Kellen. Earlier today Kellen and his team posted their inaugural audio thing. So, during this episode youll meet and get to know our future host, Cynthia F. 18, as well as learn a little bit about why we decided to start this project. Along the way, youll learn a little about the MIT Trashion Show, escaping the MIT bubble, the Media Lab, and a lot more. Give it a listen! I know Kellen and the rest of their team are looking for feedback (as are we). And, if youre around, check out the Trashion Show tonight. I helped judge last year (pictures and blog) and will again tonight. Oh, and we do plan to do more admissions audioonce were done reading these applications!

What Makes A Civilization - 1508 Words

Amongst the three books we’ve read and discussed the key similarity between them are civilizations. Starting from the beginning leading to the highest point in progress, then the quick downfall, The only difference is their point of view and what they thought civilization was based on the material they’ve collected and others work they’ve reviewed. So I’ll start with the question, â€Å"What is civilization?† civilization is the stage of human social development and organization that is considered more advanced. With that in mind each of these authors show a different insight into this development. Paul Kriwaczek shows civilization in the perspective that everything is a version of playing, and he puts it simply. The beginning, the middle and highest point, then the end. Fredy Perlman retells the ancestries, and progress of civilization perceived as the organized self-enslavement and self-alienation of societies. Susan Wise Bauer has the light fact that humanity needs hierarchy in the background of her opinions but tries to keep a more neutral point of view. What makes a civilization? There are about 10 things that make up civilization, here are 5 and I will go more in-depth with them at a future period in this review: Development of literacy, religion, economic classifications, social classes, and forms of government. Beginning with the positives of civilization, the improvement of agricultural science. Kriwaczek describes the hardships people had to overcome to produce foodShow MoreRelatedEssay about Lord of the Flies by William Golding1325 Words   |  6 PagesCivilization can be destroyed as easily as it is created.   Without the walls of society, humans are capable of committing actions that they would have never thought possible.   Lord of the Flies focuses on a group of boys who are alone on an island without authority. The novel reveals what can become of humanity without the presence of authority.   In Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the protagonist Ralph symbolizes leadership, civilization,   as well as the loss of innocence.   Ralph is the closestRead MoreComparing The Nile, Mesopotamia, And Indus Civilizations1475 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the Nile, Mesopotamia, and Indus Civilizations The civilizations of the Nile River valley, the Mesopotamia valley, and Indus Valley marked human progress toward fixed settlements and the development of a rich culture. These civilizations shared many characteristics that contributed to their success. What made these civilizations unique were the contributions that each one gave to the world. 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That is how they received their fortune and power. 2) How was the decline of Meroe connected to the changing patterns of long-distance trade? The decline of Meroe was caused by deforestation because wood was needed to make charcoal for iron. The deforestation made Egypt’s trade go from theRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Instincts And The Individual Psyche1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn Sigmund Freud’s â€Å"Civilization and its Discontents†, we are introduced to a new outlook in the way we view our lives due to his analysis of civilization and how it has affected our happiness. Freud uses his theory of instincts in order to explain what encourages us as well as how our behavior is all linked together and is motivated by our instincts. He explains why humans seek happiness and how it is one of the toughest things to achieve. 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The ancient civilization was located near a river, like most of the ancient civilizations of their time. Because India was surrounded by mountains on all sides, the subcontinent was very prone to attacks. A major problem for the Indus River Valley civilization was the constant monsoonsRead More Future of an Illusion by Sigmund Freud Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause of its blatantly traceable evolution through the history of the human civilization and psyche.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first argument that Freud makes in his assault on religion regards civilization. Freud argues that human civilization arose as a result of mankinds needs to protect itself from nature. It was precisely because of these dangers with which nature threatens us that we came together and created civilization. (Freud, 19) As a result of the need for organization and manpower to prepareRead MoreThe Roman Empire : A Sophisticated Civilization1262 Words   |  6 PagesG.Max Cruz World History 7.2 March 24 , 2015 The Roman Civilization The Roman empire was a very sophisticated civilization. The empire lasted from 27 BC through 476 CE. They had a republic government that was very strict,there was also times ruled under emperors. It was a powerful nation with a strong in military leadership, agriculture, and trade. The world as it is known today would not be the same without the existence of the determined leadership of the Roman empire. The Roman empire beganRead MoreWhat Makes A City?1088 Words   |  5 Pages What makes a city? There are many thing that makes a city a city and a society a civilization. There are many definitions for civilization and I think the most correct it that a civilization is an advanced society. Most archaeologists use the term complex societies instead of civilizations. 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Marble Rock Geology, Properties, Uses

Parametric and algorithmic design Free Essays

string(57) " to the single conditions of the site has been produced\." Architecture is frequently practiced in a universe dominated by the many, the client or the public and in many instances merely understood by the few. Architecture has been comparatively unsuccessful at traveling frontward with the universe frequently neglecting to associate and pass on with cultural displacements, altering ways of life and the promotion of engineering. Where other design related patterns such as the automotive industry have blossomed, rhenium seeded, re adult and regenerated with displacements in the manner people live and the engineering of the present, architecture seems to hold floundered. We will write a custom essay sample on Parametric and algorithmic design or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a consequence designers presently work in an environment using century old engineerings, with a client market which avoids hazards to personal addition at all cost and a populace which frequently still sees the president seen in architectural history as the really signifier of a relevant architectural hereafter. The multitudes seem bewildered by the possibilities presented by the possibilities of the present. Even fellow practicians and faculty members within the architectural subject would look to be somewhat taken aback by the possibilities now available to us. Not merely on a technological degree, but the impact that these new techniques moms have on the very rudimentss of architectural theory and signifier. This brings me to my inquiry†¦ †¦ Parametric and Algorithmic Design: Fake Forms or a Relevant Architecture? Computer aided design changed many design orientated professions such as the automotive and aeronautical industries as far back as the 1980 ‘s when they were foremost decently developed. A digital revolution if you will. Compare this to architecture where production and design still utilize techniques, theory and cognition developed during the industrial revolution. Although the bulk, if non all designers do utilize some signifier of computing machine aided design techniques the boundaries can still be pushed farther. Procedures such as BIM ( constructing information modeling ) are get downing to go a existent force in architectural design in topographic points such as the USA. BIM is a procedure where the designer does non merely pull a line as with traditional pulling techniques or with plans such as AutoCAD ( which to an extent, is merely a digital version of a traditional drawing ) but alternatively when an designer draws a line, he draws a wall, with the possibility to uni te this information with a illimitable choice of belongingss be they size, cost, structural or how they relate to other members in a design. BIM begins to manus back the rubric of â€Å" Master Craftsman † to the designer, where the designer can see how design develops as a whole and do alterations consequently. Parametric and algorithmic architectures are presently at the head of the BIM architectural thought, they are the merchandises of the few created utilizing advanced computing machine scripting techniques and separately written pieces of package. Using the latest design engineerings available to us, uniting this with the modern stuffs and production techniques frequently developed in Fieldss which have embraced the digital revolution more openly, parametric and algorithmic design can get down to dispute cultural, technological and historical boundaries which designers have possibly failed to to the full dispute in the recent yesteryear. Parametric design is a procedure based non n fixed metric measures such as traditional design but alternatively, based a consistent web of relationships between single objects, the bricks are different but they are connected with the same bond. This allows alterations to a individual component whilst working with other constituents within a system. In a similar manner to that of parametric design, developments in scripting have allowed for algorithmic design processes to progress. These allow complex signifiers to be grown from simple methods while continuing specific qualities. In the most basic sense, a user defines a set of regulations, and the package would set up the signifier harmonizing to the regulations. If parametric design is a method for control and use of design elements within a web of any graduated table, algorithmic design is a system and objects bring forthing complex signifier based on simple constituent regulations. With the combination of these methods, rules, modern production techniques and stuffs parametric and algorithmic architectures have the possible to force architecture, beyond uncertainty into the twenty-first century. Age old architectural jobs and theory such as â€Å" signifier vs. stuff † and â€Å" signifier vs. map † can get down to be solved in new ways, building times can be reduced, stuffs can be managed more expeditiously, and edifice qualities can be improved significantly. In the analysis and comparing of two undertakings using parametric and algorithmic architectural design rules, I aim to to the full understand how relevant these signifiers and methods of bring forthing architecture truly are when compared to their traditional opposite numbers. I have selected my illustrations from opposite terminals of the architectural graduated table size wise, but from a similar household of traditional public architectural type signifier, analyzing how relevant the parametric signifiers are in relation to different state of affairss and scenes. My first probe, looks at a impermanent theater located within the site of Corbusier ‘s Carpenter Centre – A coaction between architecture Firm MOS studios and creative person Pierre Huyghe, selected for its truly alone location and it ‘s modern-day drama on the more traditional theater / marquee / outdoor stage signifier. Theaters are traditionally really expansive edifices, for 1000s of old ages they have been portion of human civilization with signifiers as far back as antediluvian Greece still found in theatre design. This coupled with its set base / park marquee like size associated with formal marquees form around the Victorian age made the undertaking peculiarly interesting. The challenge for MOS studios was to bring forth a return on the theater whilst responding suitably to its location in what is an highly outstanding topographic point. The design in basic signifier is similar to that of any regular theater with raked seating, unhampered screening and high-quality acoustics but it was with the usage of parametric procedures that a theater which corresponds to the single conditions of the site has been produced. You read "Parametric and algorithmic design" in category "Essay examples" The theatre sits in the underbelly of the Carpenter Centre by Le Corbusier, commissioned to mark the fortieth day of remembrance of the edifice. Corbusier ‘s Carpenter Centre is the Centre for the ocular humanistic disciplines at Harvard University, MA. Completed in 1942 the edifice is the lone edifice of all time completed by Corbusier in the United States of America and the last to be completed during his life clip although he ne’er really visited the edifice due to ill wellness. The edifice corresponds with Corbusier ‘s five points of architecture ( as seen in the Villa Savoye, France ) with interior elements such as the incline, a dominant characteristic, detonating out from the interior of the edifice supplying an s – shaped walkway go oning into the environment. Curved dividers besides extend through the chief walls of the edifice in to the environing countries singing to and from the pilotis which back up them. This creates a series of permeating interior and exterior events running along the promenade incline. Within the design of the Carpenter Centre you can see the elements of undertakings crossing the full calling of Corbusier modified and adapted into this edifice. The marionette theatre itself, like Corbusier ‘s Carpenter Centre, was designed with a set of parametric quantities or architectural regulations if will. These parametric quantities were derived from a given brief and restrictions of the infinite created by the Carpenter Centre itself. To avoid damaging the Carpenter Centre no contact with either the ceiling or the edifices back uping structural systems was permitted. Therefore, suiting the marionette theater in between these of import structural barriers became cardinal. The designer has described the theater as â€Å" an organ placed in a new host † , it has a feel similar but non precisely that of a parasitic construction. Is seems non to be taking off, leaching from the Carpenter, but adding to it, giving it new life as though it truly is a new organ, a new bosom. This imagination is reinforced in the pick of stuffs for the theater, farther showing the feel of new life. The chief ego back uping construction is a poly carbonate, clad on the exterior with a moss. The moss adds heat and noise insularity, absorbing sound from the nearby street with sound quality being of paramount importance in practicality of a working theater. At dark visible radiation from within the theater glows through the light polycarbonate A ; moss giving a green freshness, as if it truly is a new organ, a new hub from which life stems into the Carpenter Centre. The rounded signifier of the theater was produced though the parametric use of elongated diamond molded panel units, each one person in signifier, each one connected through the same set of parametric quantities. This parametric use was created through the restrictions of site, the demand for ego back uping structural unity, the usage and the limitations of fiction procedures during production. The ultimate signifier is hence created through a system of analysis where the most efficient signifier was deduced utilizing the parametric system. Most of the theater was prefabricated and assembled off site. The extended diamonds were designed to be produced from a individual level piece of polycarbonate understating both fabricating times and otiose stuffs. Each of the 500 pieces was CAM cut, before being folded into three dimensional signifiers with points drilled to link each of the diamond signifiers. The full construction could so be assembled by linking the panels utilizing simple too ls. The usage of simple manus tools meant that the theater could quickly be assembled and dissembled, suited to the impermanent nature of the construction, it was imperative that the construction could non merely be dissembled, but left no lasting hint of its building on the carpenter Centre. This once more was made possible through the usage of parametric design. Each panel is 3 † in deepness and spans over 15 † at the Centre ; they were stiffened with a froth insert to assist with rigidness with the combination of strategic panels being placed inside out, therefore moving as cardinal rocks. These strategic interior out anchor panels besides act as fanlights, leting visible radiation to go both in to and out of the theater. When assembled the panels dissipate forces around the tegument of the theater, making the ego back uping monocoque construction. The monocoque construction mean that mo lasting ingredients or structural supports had to be made with the Carpenter Cent re, hence the marionette theater became connected through its relevancy as a design but remained separate as a structural object. With the marionette theater sitting in a deep-set exterior courtyard underneath the Carpenter Centre, the alteration in degree of 1.25m between the street side and the courtyard had to be addressed, and so this became one of the cardinal parametric quantities in the design. This was overcome by integrating the 1.25m alteration in degree in to the raked theater seating, with the existent public presentation phase sitting at the lower degree of the courtyard. As you enter the marionette theater at street degree, the extended diamond signifiers combine with the alteration in tallness and about phantasmagoric size of the marionette theatre itself to making a ocular semblance, a false position. This invites the visitant into the theater with a sense of thaumaturgy and wonder, pulling the eyes towards the phase terminal where the parametric boundary lines of the diamond signifiers stop suddenly with the debut of the phase. The usage of this optical semblance helps to reenforce the sense of theater, a sense of thaumaturgy that I experience could be easy have been missed or overlooked with the usage of other stuffs or building techniques. You could maybe state that similar signifiers could hold been created in concrete or wood, but so the all of import drama of visible radiation created by the polycarbonate panels chosen would hold been missed. With the combination of stuff and parametric design â€Å" theater † is really incorporated into the design of the construction. The Glossy polycarbonate panels besides reflect light, making an ambient radiance visible radiation during public presentations, with the lone illuming coming from the marionette show itself, this transforms the theater into a glowing lantern at dark, projecting it ‘s energy onto the au naturel bare concrete surfaces of the Carpenter Centre. It seems to work good in a apposition between the hi-tech nature of the design and the connexion created with what is a really ancient signifier of amusement, connected by illuming which would look to pull you in a similar manner to that of a candle visible radiation. During the twenty-four hours the coefficient of reflection is reversed when the natural visible radiation brings the exterior milieus into the marionette theater, this focuses the attending on what is go oning in the outside universe, the walls about become the walls of an Aboriginal cave, stating the narratives of the exterior universe as they are go oning. This connexion to the outside universe through the coefficient of reflection of visible radiation is reinforced by the framing of a individual tree which sits beyond the entryway of the theater. It frames the position with some purpose whilst making a sense that the tree could perchance inquire as some barrier, a bound to the boundary of the theaters threshold. Through extended analysis and research this theater and its host edifice, the carpenter Centre I believe that this truly is a singular signifier, an first-class piece of design. The theater works with and replies to every one of its parametric challenges. Through the usage of parametric design I feel that a signifier has been created that would otherwise ne’er have been imagined or realised. The organic signifier of the theater, created utilizing really non organic production techniques replies to the brief on so many degrees. It creates this new bosom, new hub for the Carpenter Centre. It does non seek and mime the great modernist architecture used by Corbusier himself, but in no respect does it contend against it, it somehow moves in to an architecture beyond, with each single member of the theater being really geometric, but arranged in an intelligent manner, produce a signifier which is more organic. Neither structures the same but they do work together. The marionette the ater design speaks of the Carpenter Centre today ; it speaks non of the architecture and the Carpenter Centre of the past, but the architecture, the people and the Carpenter Centre of the hereafter. The designers could hold chosen so many different attacks to bring forthing a marquee of kind on this site but I ‘m positive they would hold struggled to bring forth a design that overall worked more responsively with the entireness of the design challenge presented. The 2nd illustration of parametric architecture that I have analysed is the Mercedes Benz Museum, Un Studio, Stuttgart 2005 – with parametric and algorithmic working by Designtoproduction. This illustration of parametric design was selected non for its evidently parametric visual aspect but for the manner in which parametric modeling combined with BIM was used in the building and design of what can merely be seen as a truly radical edifice. Today the bulk of the universes exceeding historical, cultural and artistic pieces of are all in topographic point, the hereafter of the museum, as seen with this, the Mercedes Benz museum, lies with those who can to the full pass on a specializer aggregation, what they are about and where they came from. They have the capableness to excite a civilization much more than a generalist aggregation, the plants, the autos in the museum coud be seen to talk much more of the people that the bulk of today ‘s art. This is where the usage of pa rametric design can be seen to act upon and wholly pass on the work of Mercedes in a new manner. The importance of museum design has been at the head of architectural thought since Frank Lloyd Wright foremost challenged the program of the museum with the design of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, 1969. Since so museum has been challenged once more and once more by a battalion of designers such as Renzo Piano A ; Richard Rodgers with The Pompidou Centre, Paris, 1977 and Daniel Libeskind with the Jewish Museum, Berlin, opened 2001. The Mercedes Benz Museum can be seen to associate to all of these illustrations in its chase to step frontward off from the regular, to dispute the infinites, circulation waies and signifiers of a museum, to make a museum of intent. The success of a museum depends upon the ingeniousness of its internal agreement, infinites created and its ability to exhibit artifacts within these infinites in a relevant manner. The museum will / has become cel ebrated non merely in the go oning line of disputing museum architecture get downing with edifices such as Frank Lloyd Wright ‘s Guggenheim in New York but for seting the digital design procedure steadfastly on the map. Stuttgart is place of the Mercedes Benz trade name, and so with the demand of a new museum, UN studios were chosen to redesign a new museum on a new site close to the chief gateway to the metropolis, where the old museum had antecedently been located in a dedicated edifice within the existent Mercedes mill. The design is based on a construct affecting the over laying of three round signifiers in program with the remotion of the cardinal infinite making a triangular shaped constructing tallness atrium country. In subdivision the edifice raises over eight floors in a dual spiral signifier, maximizing infinite and supplying 16,500 square metres of functional infinite on a comparatively little footmark. Originally the brief brought to UN studio suggested that the edifice should be no more than two floors high with concerns that any more tallness in the edifice may do complications with exhibits, for illustration the manoeuvring and exhibiting of lorries, circulation jobs around such big pieces and structural unity of the edifice with highly heavy exhibit tonss. With the site being situated so near to a major expressway it was shortly suggested by UN studios that the edifice should be taller associating to the close state of affairs to the expressway, seeing that jobs such as circulation and weight of exhibits could be overcome with the correct cognition and attitude towards the undertaking. The circulation system used in the Mercedes Benz Museum s similar to that used in the pompidou Centre Paris, with the circulation running around the external frontage of the edifice. In a similar manner, the circulation can be seen to pull clear links with the incline like circulation of the Guggenheim New York. The chief difference with both of these edifices is that the Mercedes Benz museum has, through advanced building techniques combined with the usage of parametric modeling is able to convey the chief forces applied to the edifice to a structural nucleus through floor slab s instead than margin, hence to the full emancipating the frontage and program of the edifice. The visitant enters the edifice on the land floor where they are met by the huge graduated table of the unfastened atrium. This land floor is home to the general installations expected of a big museum ; response, gift store and coffeehouse but it is where the circuit begins that the signifier truly takes a leap forward. The museum is designed so the visitant is transported to the 8th and top floor of the edifice before working their manner down dual spiral signifier inclines on a circuit that would take about six hours to finish in entireness. Transportation system to the top floor is a jubilation in motion itself, the visitant is transported via a portal like lift with limited screening ; â€Å" flashes † of projected imagination are seen from the interior. Once at the top floor, two Tourss split from the get downing location each following one of the dual spiral inclines, each following a different side to Mercedes huge history. The two Tourss known as â€Å" Collection â⠂¬  and â€Å" Myth † vary in their exhibits with the â€Å" Collection † circuit being more of a historic timeline of Mercedes design and the â€Å" Myth † circuit taking more romantic, cultural return on Mercedes history, having some of the company ‘s greatest designs and autos antecedently owned by the likes of Ringo Starr. As a consequence the particular feel of the two Tourss h seen designed to change and accommodate to the assorted exhibitions tremendously. The â€Å" Collection † circuit is flooded with natural, true illuming whilst the â€Å" Myth † circuit is illuminated in a much more theatrical manner, miming the love affair and glorification associated with its exhibits. The tour waies do traverse at assorted points through the vertical of the infinite, leting the visitant to pick and take between the two Tourss. The eight degrees of the edifice are separated into regular and particular countries, based on their maps within the museum and their impact of the construction as a whole. The degrees alternate between individual and dual tallness infinites as they progress through the vertical of the edifice. Classical sculpturers such as Bernini and Brancusi knew the importance of the base, they were Masterss of this, one time once more the base has been utilized in this museum, making positions, foregrounding without blinding and concentrating the visitant ‘s attending where it is needed. Not merely have pedestals been used but with the employment the semi handbill inclines which hug the exterior boundaries of the edifice, positions have been produced, supplying new, interesting and invigorating positions of the exhibitions. Sing the foliage shaped, semi handbill, exhibition infinites from a battalion of highs as you descend through the edifice generates a series of bird’s-eye overvi ews. Visitors see the exhibits from higher, lower, closer and more distant position points. No sing angle is of all time rather the same, and the normal caput on viewed attack is avoided, there is a sense that you will ne’er capture every position throughout the circuit, that the edifice is invariably altering, writhing about and beyond you, that you as the visitant ne’er rather to the full understand where you are within the edifice. Together the base, bird’s-eye screening infinites and invariably writhing signifiers create a new particular complexness within the signifier of a museum. Never before has something been exhibited like this before. There is a changeless feel of motion within the exhibits and the signifier of the edifice. The museum â€Å" attempts to put the inactive in gesture † says one German architectural critic, â€Å" as if it wants to turn out that the architecture is still alive † , it has been said to research gesture in all of its possible looks. The whole Acts of the Apostless as an gas pedal for the different, unpredictable and erstwhile inexplicable infinites presented to the visitant. The unfastened program has been achieved through the ability to convey perpendicular tonss to the cardinal distribution nucleuss via the floor slabs with the facade systems transporting limited perpendicular burden. The floor slabs within the exhibition countries cover an country of about 30m without intermediate structural columns, made possible through the usage of parametric modeling and advanced structural computation. In add-on to the existent exhibit weights and unrecorded tonss such as visitants to the museum the floor slabs besides have to reassign a important sum of the horizontal burden from the distorted exterior structural system to the immense cardinal tri column nucleus of the edifice. The floors little curvature and slope aid to make a truly dynamic infinite around the autos aswell as making the structural support for the edifice. The floor creases, becomes the wall before turn uping once more to go the ceiling. UN studios most recent plants have been described as associating to and remembering ways in which Baroque designers worked and diagrammed their work. Van Berkel, co laminitis of UN studio, amused by the comparing says † I have been truly fascinated by Bernini and Borromini. Not merely in their edifices but by their unbelievable ability to project their subject into inquiry with advanced representation techniques † . These techniques are imperative in the agencies of bridging the spread between the abstract of idea and the pragmatism of edifice building, they become indispensable when get downing to grok how a construction may work and how edifice may run. They open new skylines and give architecture a holistic dimension, a agency of making volu mes that respond straight to undertaking demands. As an ultimate statement: The Mercedes Benz Museum by UN studio could non hold been created without the aid and research offered by Designtoproduction and their parametric work. There was limited clip to plan what can merely be described as one of the most complicated constructions in modern clip, and so, over two hundred and 40 six different companies and technology houses were employed to assist with the production of the Mercedes Benz Museum. Designtoproduction were able to supply solutions to the spreads between dividing design and production. This was imperative as these stairss are interconnected, they extremely influence each other and with so many different squads working on the undertaking, strong design and production links were needed. Parametric design proved to be the key to the edifices success in this respect. â€Å" The lone solution was to command the geometry of the edifice every bit wholly as possible utilizing the latest computing machine engineering † Ben van Berkel, UN Studio ‘s carbon monoxide laminitis and manager. The entwining signifiers of the Mercedes Benz Museum meant that the signifiers could hardly be described utilizing standard programs and subdivisions, yet contractors needed working programs, subdivisions and inside informations to build the edifice. From the basic geometry of 2D parametric modeling, the borders were transformed in to constantly lifting 3D signifiers by layering degrees ; finally the 3D volumes of the construction began to lift from the layering of programs. For different edifice constituents the geometry was straight taken from the theoretical account, therefore shuting the concatenation of information from early design phases until the building and fiction. For illustration, the formwork for double curved surfaces was accurately developed into field boards taken from information in the parametric theoretical account. Interior designers do n’t believe in Numberss, they think in relationships, in connexions, in the whole. CAD bundles do non believe in dealingss, they think strictly in Numberss, they do non care for relationships or what they represent within the signifier or design of edifice. The parametric CAD theoretical accounts that Designtoproduction produced combined these Numberss behind the developing edifice in a set of a parametric quantities, ordering what would work and what would non ; therefore 1000s of Numberss become simply a smattering of meaningful parametric quantities. The parametric theoretical account for the Mercedes Benz Museum was non lone portion of the design but key to the building. It linked the take parting trades in the edifice in a harmonic whole with the designer moving one time once more as the maestro craftsman at the helm, supervising the building as a whole. Unlike those who use digital architecture simply for aesthetic qualities, UN studios have gone be yond anyone else in the agencies of imaginatively pull offing a edifice through a design with a mathematical parametric theoretical account, without compromising the initial design rules, cramping the design with formal or preconceived solutions. The Guardians architecture critic Jonathan Glancy has described the edifice as â€Å" jet-age Baroque † . The usage of parametric design tools, the designer had been able to plan and make a edifice which seems as though it is a merchandise of or closely linked with the Mercedes Benz trade name. It screams motion, engineering, the hereafter, and the impossible. If you think about this edifice in any other sense, an exhibitioner of modern art, an exhibitioner of any other signifier of specialist aggregation or historical artifact it merely would non work. The edifice would look to be genuinely intentionally tailored to the client and intent, that of exhibiting the greatest plants of Mercedes Benz, with this, the museum is already seen by many as one of the individual most amazing edifices of the new century. How to cite Parametric and algorithmic design, Essay examples

Industrial Equity Limited

Question: Discuss about the Industrial Equity Limited. Answer: Introduction: The main issue discussed in the above mentioned case law is about the powers that the majority shareholders of a company has to amend the articles of association of a company and if the resolution passed for the amendment of the articles of WCP Ltd which would enable the enforced acquisition of the shareholdings of the minority shareholders is valid or not. The majority stake was held by Industrial Equity Limited (IEL) who tried to forcefully take the minority stake of Mr. Giancarlo Gambotto by introducing a paragraph in the articles of WCP Ltd. IEL was the owner of 99.7% of the issued capital of WCP Ltd via a wholly owned subsidiary. However soon the majority stakeholder decided to become a wholly owned subsidiary of WCP ltd as well as it would benefit him for tax purposes as well as for the costs of administration. It therefore decided to include a new section, section 176 of the Corporations Law in its articles wherein it sought to buy the minority stakeholders shares as well for 1.80 cents per share. But Mr. Giancarlo Gambotto and Ms. Eliana Sandri did not support for such an alteration and hence did not turn up for the general meeting in which decision for such an alteration would take place. Rule: In simple terms any alterations in the articles of a company which connotes oppression of any kind to any member of the company would be invalid and beyond the powers conferred in section 176 of the Corporations Law. Articles of a company may be altered for allowing the majority power to confiscate the shares of the minority only if it is lawful with regards the purpose for which such an expropriation is taking place and it should at the same time ensure that the minority shareholders in no manner be oppressed. Thus fairness of such an alteration is of utmost importance. By fairness it means that the price at which the expropriation is offered to happen should be not less than the market value and other factors such as the companys goodwill, its dividend structure and future should all be considered as well. The burden to prove the farness lies on the majority shareholders. Thus as per section 176 of the Law an expropriation of shares of the minority is valid if it is fair in all circumstances and is for the benefit of the company. Such as n the case of Brown v British Abrasive Wheel Co Ltd [1919] 1 Ch D 290, the alteration in the articles of the company was rejected as the majority shareholders wished to purchase the shares of the minority as the majority were ready to put in the additional capital which the company needed but in lieu of the shares of the minority. The court rejected it as such an alteration did not benefit the company in any manner. Hence as per the rule any change in the alteration of the articles of association of any company is welcomed and agreed by the court only if it is in the bonafide interest of the company as a whole and the minorities interest is not suppressed in any manner whatsoever. Application: The said case has a very unique judgement passed by the High Court. The decision of the New South Wales Court of Appeal was reversed by the High Court eventually and a final decision was passed in the year 1995 in favour of the minority shareholders. The High Court applied the provisions of Section 176 of the Corporation Law very minutely by studying each word of the section in depth. It also referred to the previous case laws and found out the dissimilarities of the case. The decision taken in the year 1993 was further reviewed by the Supreme Court and a final verdict was spelt out in 1995. Initially, McLelland J said that the said alteration led to a suppression of the rights of Gambotto and other minority shareholders and hence was invalid and impressed upon the fact that alteration should be bonafide for the benefit of the company as a whole was not apt for the particular case. However on an appeal put forward in the New South Wales court of Appeal it was agreed by Meagher JA and Cripps JA together that the suggestion put forward by McLelland J, that any alteration in the articles which would allow confiscation of shares of the minorities would always lead to oppression is false. They reiterated section 176, which states that the shareholders of a company has the right to make changes in the articles of a company by passing a special resolution but only if such an alteration does not cause any kind of an oppression by the majority over the minority. It also conferred upon the fact that such an alteration was basically for the benefit of the company as well, as WCP L td would end up gaining with regards the tax instance as well would further benefit in saving upon huge costs on administration. Lastly the price offered by the majority shareholder for such an act is also not unfair i.e. it is above the net asset value of the company. The appeal made by them was further seconded by Priestley JA which stated that the shares are a sort of property and again impressed upon the fact that it is the rights of the majority shareholders to alter the articles as per section 176 and compensation for the same was adequate enough hence it was a valid stance by the majority shareholders to proceed with such an alteration. However the High Court pronounced a different judgement which enabled to strengthen the position of the minority shareholders of a company drastically. The High Court did not pay heed to the old test which stated about the interest of the company and introduced two new tests for the said case. The first test is with regards the changes to be made in the articles of the company which leads to conflict of interest amongst the various shareholders of a company but it does not include the expropriation of shares or any property rights attached to such shares. Thus such changes are acceptable and valid until and unless it contradicts any purpose stated in the articles previously or leads to any sort of oppression. The second test includes any kind of conflicts with regards the alteration of the articles of association of a company with regards the confiscation of the shares by the majority shareholders of the minority. A two limbed test was introduced by the High Court with regards the same First was the purpose and second was the fairness of such an expropriation. Mason CJ, Brennan, Deane and Dawson JJ , pronounced that a proper purpose means something that saves the company or the organization from suffering from any serious harm or damage. Thus expropriation should be done so as to ensure that the company is saved from such detriment. Proper purpose was defined as expropriation of shares of a rival group or those held by a foreign entity or an individual. Therefore it is clear that this part is stricter than the traditional purpose which said bonafide benefit for the company as a whole. Further to this the joint judgement concluded that the proposed alterations of the articles of WCP Ltd were null and void as it failed to clear the first limb test. By making such a change the company did not try to overcome a possible loss instead tried to simply gain a benefit which ultra vires the definition of proper purpose. Howsoever, there are some issues with regards this concept. Firstly the distinction made between the two phrases does not connote any difference to the company as avoiding any act which would cause harm tot he company is also for the benefit of the entity and similarly denying a company from obtaining any benefit can cause detriment to the company. Secondly this view failed to consider the nature of the shares. It did not differentiate between the private and public company shares expropriation purposes. Thirdly the concept of proper purpose has led to a reversal of the oppression by the minority over the majority. Apart from the joint judgement, McHugh Js view for the first limb is a wider one and more acceptable. It stated that the purpose is said to be a proper one if it enabled safeguarding or promoting of the interest of a company. But one additional clause which McHugh J added was that the proper purpose should be external to the organization and hence saving on the administration cost does not comply with such an external purpose, but the tax benefit does justify the same. The second limb of fairness enabled the minority shareholders to ask the majority to prove that there has been no oppression. Joint judgement divided the same into two parts procedural and substantive. The former demands the shareholders with majority stake to disclose all the important data and also that the shares of the company should be valued by an expert who is not influenced by the companys shareholders or any such other related person. The latter focussed upon the price at which the shares would be acquired by the majority shareholders. Joint judgment stated that only the market price of the shares was not the true test of sufficiency. It should consider other factors such as dividend loss and future benefits derived. McHugh J, though seconded with the joint judgement but had some deviations to the same as well. He said that the market value of the shares of large listed public companies is prone to market fluctuations. He found that there was a proper purpose attached but the price offered was unfair and hence ultimately both the joint judgement and that pronounced by McHugh J were similar i.e. the expropriation was unacceptable and invalid in nature. Although Gambotto did not question upon the fairness of the expropriation. Gambotto had also stated about section 180(3) of the Corporations Law which was duly rejected by the joint judgement as it does not restrict trading of the shares before expropriation even if such a clause is valid. However the decision was in favour of the minority shareholder as although the proper purpose was available but the fairness of the dealings was not proved by the majority shareholders. Conclusion: On a concluding note it is understood from the above issue, rules to be applied and that finally applied that past judgements are just used as references and the provisions should not be read at its face value only. They should be understood deeply as to what the Law means to say. It is clearly proved that the Corporation Law has become stringent with regards the corporate governance after the decision has been spelt out in favour of the minority shareholders in the said case study. Further it has paved the way to introduce a reform in the legislation in this area which would protect the interest of the minority as well as the majority shareholders to the extent that nobody is oppressed by each others dealings. It has clearly stated that the concept of bonafide for the benefit of the company as a whole has been dismantled totally and that the sections of the Corporation Law should be studied and viewed with a broader mind. References Brown v British Abrasiye Wheel Co (1919) 1Ch290, Sid Deborah A. DeMott, Proprietary Norms in Corporate Law: An Essay on Reading Gambotto in the United States, inGambotto v. WCP Ltd.: Its Implications for Corporate Regulation90-101 (Ian Ramsay ed., 1996), (online), https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/3140 Gambotto v WCP Ltd (1995) 69 AWR 266 (Gambotto) Kevans, Stephen, Oppression of Majority Shareholders by a Minority ? Gambotto v WCP Ltd, (1996), Sydney Law Review Journal (Online), https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/SydLawRw/1996/6.pdf Mitchell, Vanessa, Gambotto and the Rights of Minority Shareholder , (1994), Bond Law Review 6(2) Ramsay, Ian and Saunders, Benjamin, What Do You Do With a High Court Decision You Dont Like ?- Legislative , Judicial and Academic Responses to Gambotto v WCP Ltd, (1996), Melbourne Law School (Online), https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1709610/42-WhatDoYouDoWithAHighCourtDecisionYouDontLike1.pdf

Computer Aided Drafting And Design Essays - Computer-aided Design

Computer Aided Drafting and Design CADD stands for Computer Aided Drafting and Design. By using the computer for the functions normally utilized by hand, a greater amount of efficiency can be attained. By drawing lines with a computer on a screen, corrections can be made without erasing the entire product. CADD is a lot like a word processor, letting people draw whatever they choose, print it, and if corrections are needed, only a small amount of time is needed to correct it. CADD has the speed of a technical sketch in the accuracy of a normal drawing. CADD programs can utilize different methods in the way they draw their pictures. Some use co-ordinates, which is the standard method, and some might use inches or centimetres. The standard method of co-ordinates gives a product which is compatible with other systems. One co-ordinate point might represent 1/10 of a millimetre in actual space. Then 1 millimetre is 10 co-ordinate points. CADD systems were developed along with the computer. They were developed very slowly. They went from being very large, clumsy, elaborate machines which needed lots of human intervention to one program on a floppy disk. When the power of computers increased, so did the possibilities of CADD. Images on CADD systems are drawn with the aid of a keyboard, mouse, or tracking ball. One selects the starting point of a line, the ending point, and the line is drawn. A scale at the bottom of the screen tells how long the line will be. On some CADD systems, the computer itself can measure how long the line will be while the operator inputs the length of the line. Lines are the basis of all drawings. Straight lines are fairly simple and quick to make, but what about curved or wavy lines? That's what different CADD commands are made for. Different CADD commands make different things on the screen possible. There are commands for dimensioning, labelling, making circles, boxes, etc. Some generic commands and their functions are: XYZ up- This allows the operator to rotate, tip, flip, and move the object by degrees. Top, front, and rear views are used. Drawing below: MOVE- Move means moving the object. Move can be used left, right, up, down, forwards, and backwards. MOVE must be specified by how many units (co-ordinates) the object must be moved and in what direction. SCALE- Makes the object smaller or larger, and by what scale. Eg: reduce by 50, increase by 50, etc. LINES- This is the generic drawing command for lines. A start point and end point must be indicated. COLORS- What color the lines or object must be. The foreground and backround (in 3-D CADD) can also be specified. ERASE- Erase line, object, all, or just a part of the screen, which is specified similar to move. PLAN VIEW- This command will usuallt draw the 3 views plus a 3-d view of the object. ZOOM- Zooms in on the object. CIRCLE, ARC- Draws the chosen image. SPLINE- Draws a "wavy" line as like below. TEXT- Writes text. COPY- Copies the object, line, etc. MIRROR COPY- Copies the object in a mirror image. Some commands, like the ones listed below, might not be availible on all CADD progarms. They do specific tasks. Some are: Hidden line and Surface Removal- Removes hidden lines and surfaces, automatically or by the discretion of the operator. 3 Point Perspective Display- Displays the object in the 3-point perspective, as in technical sketching. Object and Group Designations- This is usually independent. This identifies individual objects on the screen, like a box within a box. Move Vertex- Molds and re-shapes objects. CADD comes in many forms. 3-D CADD uses lines in a 3 Dimensional form. This is useful in drawing complex buildings and spheres. CADD output comes in many forms also. Images may be produced by printer, which is less accurate, and by plotter, which draws all lines and curves by a small pen. This is the most accurate form of CADD reproduction and output. CADD is widely used in industry. It is slowly replacing all hand methods, since it is fast and simple. A drawing that might take 10 days to make could now take 10 minutes on computer. The future of CADD depends of the demand of the functions for the different programs. CADD in schools is being taught also. As you can see, CADD is slowly becoming the most widely used system of industry in the world. Its functions make design fast and easy, and without many errors. Next time you need to finish that drafting project and have only

Mississippi Burning, directed by Alan Parker Essay Example

Mississippi Burning, directed by Alan Parker Essay Example Mississippi Burning, directed by Alan Parker Paper Mississippi Burning, directed by Alan Parker Paper Essay Topic: Film Mississippi Burning is a thought provoking film, which explores racism and segregation between black and white people, in a small southern town, in the United States of America. The film is set it the late 1960s, during the Civil Rights Act, where the southern community of America were unwilling to change their lifestyle and include black citizens into the society. This lead to economical and social oppression, whereby poverty in the south increased and a rise in violence and crime, meant that it was a dangerous place to live, especially for black citizens. The film contains many symbols and underlying meanings which the average audience would not understand. The opening sequence of any film, clearly establishes the mood and setting of the film. It needs to be interesting and powerful in order to captivate the attention of the audience. In Mississippi Burning, the opening scene establishes the mood as being one of anger and hatred. There is an establishing shot of a dull and dilapidated washroom, with two sinks, one of better quality than the other. Symbolically, the vertical drain pipe acts like a division between the two sinks and the two races. A white man enters the shot and uses the sophisticated wash basin, whilst a young black boy washes his hands in the unclean sink. This immediately informs the audience about what the film is going to be about. Also some of the audience, who did not experience segregation, get an insight into what life was like during this period of time. Alan Parker uses lighting to great significance. The opening shot is dull and unlit, and significantly the light through the window, shines on the sink, which is used by the white citizens. This has an unconscious impact on the audience, and they realise that the white citizens are being favoured in this town. However what the director is also trying to portray, is the fact that the economic recession has had an impact on the whole society. The black people are only slightly poorer than the white people, because the two societies are using the same dilapidated washroom. This tells us that the whole community is not as socially or economically advanced as the northern areas of America. The background music is also symbolic. The soundtrack suggests that the film is of a serious nature, because it creates an atmosphere of grief by the using a lament Blues song, originated by black African-Americans, who were enslaved by white people and used this type of music to express their feelings. This further cements the racism link. The images of the next establishing shot, a burning church combines excellently with the music to make the scene very depressing and dull. The church has a moral message. It suggests that these people are against Christian values and suggests that this is a place of hell. The burning cross is an oblique reference to the Ku Klux Klan, a group of white people who terrified black and Jewish people. As the church finally collapses the camera zooms in making the experience more intense. Alan Parker then uses several camera techniques, which allows the audience to take in the symbolic information. The camera pans up and the flames die down, and there is a black background with white text saying Directed by Alan Parker. I think that the director combined these images of the washroom and burning church; to make the audience tense before the action unfolds. An important aspect of the opening sequence is the fact that there has been no dialogue so far, which sustains tensions and the silence during the opening scenes creates a menacing atmosphere. The whole screen then becomes black and the next establishing shot is a car in the black night, with two-thirds of the screen still black, representing the menacing night. The background music has stopped and we can hear the real sounds of the cars. We then get a close-up shot of the unknown faces in the car; we cant distinguish who they are at the moment, although it seems ironic in a sense that there are two white people and one black person in the same car. In the next shot the camera angle expands to show that the road is in the middle of nowhere and that there is nobody to stop an attack from happening. The camera then switches into the car where the lighting is very dark but the characters seem quite relaxed. It seems too calm, and I think the director is leading the audience into a false sense of security, because the mood of this scene doesnt seem to fit with the outline of the film. Then a drum beat starts, which symbolises the Death March, and adds to the narrative tension. It prepares the audience for the death of someone, possibly the foreigners in the car. The camera then changes to a long shot and the audience spots another anonymous car, following the first car. This second car, an iconic truck of the southern white American citizens, has its lights turned off because they want to remain ominous. The audience feel unsympathetic and sinister towards the mysterious people in the truck, because the viewers are unaware of who they are and what they look like. The director then increases narrative tension, by increasing the sound volume, as the truck approaches the saloon car. This also increases the narrative pace of the film and the audience know that they are about to witness something dramatic. Then all of a sudden, the tension is cut and a police siren starts to wail, and a side shot of the two cars shows that the truck behind is a police car. As the two men get out of the police car, the unsure audience are eager to find out if these men are really policemen, but the director uses lighting very cleverly to hide the identity of the two men, which adds mystery and suspense to the atmosphere of the scene. The viewers know that everything in the shade is underhand. The short scenes and good use of cutting allows there to be an increase in narrative tension and pace of the film. The scene seems somewhat interrogational, where the policeman shines a light on the faces of the people in the car. As soon as the man who got out of the car talks, his personality becomes apparent. His appearance makes him seem psychotic and menacing and he uses impolite and informal speech. He has a southern accent and comments on the smell of the person in the car, calling him a nigger loving Jew boy. The audience immediately dislike this vulgar, racist and aggressive character. In complete contrast, the northern citizen is polite and the director wants to portray him as a young, idealistic, civilised man. He refers to the police officer as Sir, after he realises that he is an aggressive man. The audience feel sympathetic towards the driver as he is polite, but also because he has feminine features. The black man in the back knows whats happening, and tells his friend not to look at the face of the southern man, but its too late and he shoots the driver. The audience hears three shots and assume that all three men in the car are dead. Although there are no images the sounds of the racist killers laughing about the atrocities that they had just committed, brings a sad and hateful mood to the opening sequence. Again, there is a pause of a couple of seconds, with just a black background, allowing the audience to reflect on the events that have just happened. There were some very strong images on show in the previous scenes which are vital for the rest of the movie. It prepares the audience for the rest of the film, and it gives them knowledge of the historical, social and economical context of the film.

Cultural Transformation in Extended Care Nursing Homes Term Paper

Cultural Transformation in Extended Care Nursing Homes - Term Paper Example Cultural transformations in a nursing environment refer to the changes in the perceptions of the care providers on the mode of delivery of services to their clients - the residents (Hojlo, 2010). The transformations are necessary due to the need for improved services at the centers. The cultural transformation process is not a simple change but a paradigm shift involving three main stages namely, ‘a time of chaos and confusion, crisis, and acceptance’ (Hojlo, 2010, p.45). This paper illustrates the contribution of nursing to cultural transformation for improved services. It makes use of a practical project that has proved effective towards this objective. Introduction to the project The project is a step towards creating a friendlier environment for the residents in these nursing homes. The entire transformation process is systematic and bound occur in phases. ... There is need for a more one-on-one correspondence between residents and the nursing assistants. On one hand, residents have affairs that require privacy at certain points and on the other hand, there is a need for the residents to engage in some organizational activities. The move is driven by the provisions on the Bill of Rights for the residents in these nursing homes. Just like the other ordinary healthy people, the residents are entitled to good housing environment and follow his or her choice and preferences in various daily requirements. The individuals are entitled to us basic commodities that are in their living environment. The individuals also have the rights to privacy. Overview of the project The project takes on three different dimensions. The first initiative is choice of items in the food menu. It involves discussing with residents and families on the schedule of food items depending on their preference and the bodily requirements. Another initiative is introduction o f various sporting activities. The third component of the project is conducting a get-together occasion in which the residents share their experiences with families, friends, professionals, and other patients. Literature Review The cultural transformations in the nursing homes are inevitable due to the changing needs of the residents in such homes. Person-directed care has a central focus on the needs, interests and the lifestyles preferred by an individual (HealthInsight New Mexico, 2012). This is because every individual has unique needs, strengths, and relationships that should be addressed. The provision of strong health care services requires high levels of competency and professionalism with a major focus on the quality of life and the quality of care given to the residents

Lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Lab report - Essay Example Centripetal force is the description of the net force acting on an object moving in a circle. Any object moving in a circular motion will have a force acting on it to prevent it from deviating from the path of motion. The force also causes the object to deviate from its straight line motion. The direction of centripetal force is perpendicular to the velocity vector as the object is changing its direction and undergoing an inward acceleration (James Shipman). An object moving in a circular motion is accelerating. The acceleration is as a result of changing velocity either the changing magnitude of the velocity vector or the direction. Even if the body is moving at a steady speed, it is accelerating due to changing direction. The direction of acceleration is inwards towards the centre of the circle. In the diagram above, the particle is moving with constant speed but its acceleration is changing due to the changing velocity factor. Due to this change, acceleration is noted and directed towards the centre. The direction of instantaneous velocity is obtained by taking the two radial vectors defining a circle in constant motion. As the two radial vectors get closer together, becomes tangent to the circle. Since the direction of the velocity is equivalent to the direction of, then the velocity vector is in the direction tangent to the circle pointing perpendicular to the position vector (James Shipman). Resolving tesnion in 1 and 2 into vertical and horizontal elements, we find that horizontal components T1cosá µ ¨ and T2 cos á µ ¨ are in the same direction. These components add up to give centripetal force (James Shipman). The centripetal force for measurement 2 and 3 are the same because, in both cases, the masses on the hanger are almost the same. In measurement 2, the mass is 0.82 kg and in measurement 3, the mass on the hanger is o.84kg. These two masses produce relatively the same

Poor Nurse Patient Communication In Mental Health Setting Nursing Essay

Poor Nurse Patient Communication In Mental Health Setting Nursing Essay Communication is defined asthe imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions or information by speech, writing or signs. It is the tool which strengthens healthcare provider-patient relationship through which therapeutic goals are achieved (Park et al, 2006). Effective communication occurs when a desired effect is the result of information sharing, while poor communication leads to uncertainty and frustration. There are many situations where poor communication can lead to confusion. It includes not only building rapport but also leading to patients queries unanswered, discussing medical issues at patients bedside while ignoring them, talking harshly to patients etc. This can result in lack of support, disrespect and especially, harm to the patients. During my Mental Health Clinical at a private Hospital, I encountered a patient with diagnosis of Schizophrenia, and his Mental Status Examination (MSE) revealed that he had circumstantial ideas. I asked him a question and he talked irrelevantly about it. The nurse, who was listening to our conversation, scolded the patient saying why was he not answering relevantly. The nurses way of talking was very rebuking and lacked empathy. Upon getting scolded, the patient got aggressive and embarrassed, yet left silently. I visited the patient later, continued the MSE politely, and he answered me well. In my patients scenario, the nurse emotionally abused and demoted my patient rather than encouraging him. I believe this lowered my patients self-esteem and shattered him psychologically as evident by his gesture of leaving the room in silence due to aggression. Gadit (2011) states that verbal abuse can cause significant psychological problems in later years and brain damage. This means that skilled communication of a nurse helps a patient reduce his worries, making him comfortable. Moreover, patients verbalization of feelings and thoughts aids a nurse in correctly identifying his problems and performing interventions. Therapeutic communication holds importance as it contributes to a patients emotional growth or reinforce his or her illness. (Masilani, 2010, p.02). Thus, poor communication shatters the nurse-patients therapeutic relationship and acts as a barrier in expression of patients feelings which may lead to flawed nursing care. Nurses poor communication leaves a negative imag e in a patients mind regarding nurse and the institution, impacting greatly on his treatment. Patient would not express but build on feelings deep inside, which can lead to depression. My patient was not able to answer promptly due to his disease process. Through positive regard, assurance and encouragement, the nurse could have helped the patient. Instead the nurse demoted him and lowered his self-esteem. A model by Shanon and Weaver (1949) explains where the gap was formed. This model has 8 elements: source is an individual or a group that wants a message to be delivered ; encoder is the specified format for later interpretation; message is the idea that is being communicated; channel is the route that the message travels on; noise is any interference in the communication; decoder is the interpretation of the message from its original form into the one that the receiver understands; receiver is the intended recipient who takes in the message that the source has sent and feedback relates to the source whether their message has been received, interpreted correctly or lost in the noise. In the above scenario, I was the source who put the model into action. Encoding was my speech and expressions. I was doing the Mental Status Examination and it was my message. Noise was the nurse who interrupted and distorted my message. When the noise over rode the source, problem in the decoding occurr ed, leading the receiver to get aggressive and embarrassed. This gave the feedback that the message that was sent has got an error and needs to be revised. Building on the feedback, I gave patient sometime, and interacted with him later to continue his examination for his benefit Barriers to effective communication can impede or deform the message. There may be physical barriers that often occur due to the environment. Example of this is the shortage of staff, lack of time, increased workload, improper building etc. In the above scenario, the unit allotted for psychiatry was undersized and less spacious. Nurses and the patients were locked in the small unit, where they could easily listen to each others conversations. Second barrier can be the system fault. It refers to problems with the system in an organization. Examples include a lack of clarity in responsibilities, supervision and training. Keeping the scenario in mind, a nurse has the basic responsibility to practice empathy, as studies link empathy with therapeutic relationship (Reynolds Stewart, 2002; Neumann et al, 2012). Attitudinal barriers occur as a result of problems with staff. Examples include poor management, communication errors, personal attitudes of individual staff due to lack of motivati on and insufficient training etc. The above Private Hospital setup reflected that there was no supervision and the staff did not seem much competent. When looking into the socio cultural context, a news report reveals that mental health is the most neglected field in Pakistan (Qasim, 2012). In such conditions, if the communication flaws persist, a patients mental health is likely to be devastated. Another survey in Pakistan shows that patients satisfaction depends on a healthcare providers communication and behavior with them during their length of hospital stay (Danish, Khan, Chaudhry, Naseer, 2008). As psychiatric patients usually have repeated admissions and prolonged hospitalizations, therefore therapeutic communication can allow a nurse to deliver quality care to the patients, thus satisfying their needs. Moreover, departments of psychiatry in Pakistan are not well equipped specially in terms of psychiatric manpower (Gandit 2006). Literature emphasizes that swift pace and content is required in the field of research. Poor communication can be attributed to a number of factors. Lack of understanding, which includes value to proper communication and empathy in therapeutic relation, is one of the causes . Sometimes patient factors do not allow healthcare practitioner to communicate properly as it has been observed that harming behavior, emotional blocks and other psychotic symptoms do not allow nurses to continue therapeutic communication (Pfeiffer, 1998). It was also evident in my patients case that nurses communication can lower self-esteem and promote distress. Excessive poor communication of the nurses can lead to constant aggression and anxiety of communication, ultimately worsening patients mental health. To sustain a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship I would recommend that institutional management should arrange communication skill workshops for staff, as researches show that workshops help in improving nurses communication skills and their sense of preparedness (Lamiani Furey, 2009). The nursing supervisors should also identify the causes which hinder in communication. Moreover, nurses could reflect daily upon their communication skills, analyze the mistakes and try to work on it, as reflection is a powerful educational tool in nursing that can enhance clinical experience (Bradbury-Jones et al, 2009). They can also take ongoing feedbacks from colleagues and try to improve on their weak points. Since psychiatric patients have problems in communicating and forming relationships (Hem Heggen, 2003, p.102), therefore I would suggest that psychiatric nurses should have profound awareness of when to show empathy during communication. In my opinion medical and nursing students should focus on efficient communication while studying psychiatric course, so they can continue to practice it precisely. Furthermore, as discussed above, a barrier to effective communication is the lack of supervision. For that, ongoing rounds and evaluations should be done by the higher authorities to witness the exact situation and happenings, since it is noticed that in the supervision of the higher authorities, communication is more therapeutic. Thus, I recommend institutions to keep an eye on their staffs communication techniques in order to minimize negligence. In conclusion, nurses may commit errors but practice can make them perfect especially in a skill like communication. Thus, nurses must practice as much as possible and try reducing communication errors. As discussed, there are several causes and effects of poor communication especially in psychiatric nursing. But nurses should use themselves as a therapeutic instrument (Hem Heggen, 2003), so that they can help the psychiatric patients for their early recovery. Word Count: 1,342 Words

Educating Rita essay :: English Literature

Educating Rita essay "I've been realizing for ages that I was you know slightly out of step, I'm twenty six, I should have had a baby by now, everyone expects it, I'm sure me husband thinks I'm sterile. He was moaning all the time you know come off the pills, lets have a baby. I told him I'd come off the pills, just to shut him up. But I'm still on it, see I don't want to baby yet. See, I want to discover myself first, do you understand that? Changes take place in every one through our lives everyday; In this essay I will be exploring the changes that have happened in Franks and Rita relationship in the play Educating Rita by Willy Russell. I will be mainly focusing upon the attitudes of the two main characters towards each other and towards themselves. Rita is a mature woman seeking an education, as she didn't take the opportunity to learn when she was an amateur student because of the environment she lived around in and the fact she didn't want to learn because of her popularity and her working class culture. Frank: Rita why didn't you become what you call a proper student? Rita: you know, boring, ripped-up books, broken glass everywhere, knives and fights and that was just in the staffroom. Nah, they tried their best I suppose, but studying was just for the whimps, wasn't it? See, if I'd started taking school seriously I would have had to become different from me mates and that's not allowed. In reflected, Rita has come to realise how the law expectations surrounding her and her working class culture held her back from her real potential. She wants to change now and break this cycle. Frank, the other main character, is a teacher at the university where she has applied to do her course. He is around his 50's and is Rita's tutor. He is a lazy man, bored and frustrated by his life he too does not feel like he belongs anywhere. Frank does not like his job very much; he does not have any respect for himself at all. FRANK: my dear I actually an appalling teacher, most of the time, you see, you see it most of the time, you see it doesn't matter appalling teaching is quite in order for most of the appalling students. And the others manage to get by despite me. They expect us to teach when the pubs are open. The relation ship between frank and Rita at the beginning of the play is not strong, frank doesn't really want to tutor Rita because he

Kate Chopin and her influence on women’s rights Essay

â€Å"I would give the essential, I would give my money, I would give my life for my child; but I wouldn’t give myself† (Chopin). The rights that women enjoy today were not always as equal to that of males. The women’s rights movement transitioned America’s views of them from the way they were pre-nineteenth century to now. Novelist Kate Chopin’s literary works was a crux that aided in the strength of the movement. Women faced many hardships, and Kate Chopin, a literary genius, contributed to a lot to the movement. To begin, in the nineteenth century people married at a very young age and women did not work in that time. They were denied employment outside of seamstresses and mid-wives; therefore they couldn’t always realistically support themselves. Women had to get married so that someone could support them. Women were also not their own person; they were the property of their husbands and it was expected for them to get married and have babies. Women were not allowed the freedoms men enjoyed such as that of the law, the church or the government. Married women could not make legal contracts, divorce her husband or win the right to custody of their children. The History Education sector of the university of Maryland states: â€Å"The role of women in the nineteenth century was viewed as ‘’subordinate to males’’ and was therefore subject to the laws and regulations imposed upon them by men.’’ (Hoffberger 2) Moreover, for centuries there has always been a struggle for women to find equality and respect from men. Kate Chopin, a great writer of nineteenth century, had written novels that assisted in the upheaval of the previously stated rights of women, or lack of rights. Kate Chopin’s literary works often include male and female gender roles that are sometimes challenged by the female protagonists in the stories. Her literary works include themes about liberation and conformity in society. In Kate Chopin’s fictional short stories, â€Å"†The Story of an Hour,† and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†Ã¢â‚¬  both show examples of the lack of freedom in the role of women in society. Kate Chopin’s viewpoints in that time period helped her influenced how other women perceived women’s rights; she was a woman far ahead of her time. At the same time, Kate Chopin was an author who was underappreciated by those in her generation. Much of this was due to the fact that she was a contemporary  author, who primarily wrote about women’s sexuality and their roles in the world. She had strong, independent women as role models in her youth so it is not surprising that these same attributes would blossom, not only in her personal life, but in her character’s lives as well in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby.† While these two works do share some similarities there are also vast differences and a few parallels from Chopin’s own life. Katherine O’Flaherty, later Kate Chopin, was born in St. Louis, Missouri on February 8, 1851. She was born to stable and publicly known parents, Eliza and Thomas O’Flaherty. Eliza O’Flaherty was of French-Creole descent, while her father was a native of Ireland. Unfortunately, when Chopin was only five years old , her father was killed in a train accident. As a result, Kate Chopin lived her preteen years in a female-centered household. She lived with her mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother, all of whom were widows. Her great-grandmother encouraged artistic growth by teaching her piano and storytelling. Chopin got married when she was twenty year olds and had six children till her husband passed away. She was 39 years old when she began to write fiction, her earlier life being consumed with education, marriage and children. Without the backing of the feminist movement, which had barely begun in certain areas of the country, the sexual and scandalous events in her second and final novel â€Å"The Awakening† were cause for the majority of readers to ban it from the shelves of great literature. It was not until the mid-1900’s that the book was promoted in a new light to a more accepting audience. In addition, Peggy Skaggs, the author of Kate Chopin a critical Bibliography, states that â€Å"Chopin’s development as a writer reflect in microcosm the larger movement in American literature from romanticism and local color to realism and naturalism’’ ( Skaggs 10). Furthermore, Chopin’s works have reflected to American literature because of her focu s on love within race and ethnic aspect. In many of Chopin’s stories she has exceeded simple regionalism and portrayed women who seek spiritual and sexual freedom against the more restrictive southern society of nineteenth century. Kate Chopin has emerged as one of the greatest as well as most admired American short story novelists, poet, and essayists. Critic Cynthia Griffin Wolf exclaims: â€Å"The vision in all of Chopin’s best fiction is consummately interior, and it draws for strength upon her willingness to confront the bleak fact of life’s tenuous stabiles’’ (Griffin 6). One of the  greatest sample is ‘’ Desiree’s baby’’ which is ‘’perhaps one of the world’s best short stories’’ (Griffin 1) Assuredly, the actual settings of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† are the first instance where the two stories differ. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the entire piece takes place in Mrs. Mallard’s home or the scenery outside the house. In fact, the outside scenery plays an important role to the story, paralleling the new spring with Mrs. Mallard’s new found freedom. Whereas the inside of the house does not play as major of a role, not even revealing what room Mrs. Mallard was in when she was notified of her husband’s passing. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†, the main factors of the setting include the Louisiana Bayou, the gates of Valmonde mansion, and L’Abri, a vastly larger group of settings than the prior. As in â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, one setting is described more clearly and most of the story takes place in L’Abri. The homestead is described as making Madame Valmonde shudder at the first site of it and it being â€Å"a sad looking place, Big solemn oaks, branches shadowed it like a pall† (Chopin, 243). The description of L’Abri foreshadowed events to come and symbolized the relationship of Armand and Desiree. Even though the two stories do not share a setting you can see the similarities that there is some obscure background with one major setting paralleling the main character in some way. This, in part, could be due to Chopin wanting to have a writing style of her own. Also the two main characters, Mrs. Mallard and Desiree, benefited from concentrating on the one main setting, largely because this setting was a reason of conflict in the character’s lives. In the same way that the settings shared likenesses and differences, the plot and theme of the two stories also do. The plots of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† obviously have to be different for the most part. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the plot is a woman who finds out her husband is dead and after an initial shock she feels free to finally live her life. Thus when she has finally come to grips with all of the events and looking forward to her new life her husband comes in and she dies of shock attributed to a pre-existing heart condition (Chopin, 77-79). In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†, the plot involves a woman named Desiree. As a child she was abandoned, and taken in by the Valmondes, but as a woman fell in love with Armand, a wealthy plantation owner. They get married and have a baby together, and after a short lived bliss come to find that the baby has  African American heritage. Armand turns against Desiree, assuming she is the one with African blood in her. As the story goes on Desiree kills herself and the baby only for Armand to find out he is the one who actually has African heritage (Chopin, 1-5). These two plots at first glance do not seem to share anythin g in common, however, there is one similarity gleaming through; the women’s relationships with their husbands. Both women do love their husbands, but the relationships are not on an equal level. In each case the women are looked upon as possessions. Mrs. Mallard’s thoughts were â€Å"There would be no powerful will bending her.† She openly felt controlled, while Desiree did not seem to care about the controlling attitude of Armand, which is shown in the line â€Å"When he frowned she trembled, but loved him† (Chopin, 2). While it is evident that the plots are for the most part different, one woman relishing the loss of a husband, and the other so fearing abandonment from hers that she kills herself, the themes are quite similar. Following this further, the themes of the two stories are also shared with many other works by Chopin, women in search of themselves (Korb, 1). Mrs. Mallard from â€Å"The Story of an Hour† can see her life finally beginning after the death of her husband, as illustrated by the line â€Å"Free! Body and soul free!† (Chopin, 79). She was looking forward to a life by herself, getting to know herself as an individual. Desiree, on the other hand, was searching for an identity, or herself, from the beginning when Monsieur Valmonde found her at the gate. While the Valmondes did take her in she did not feel like she had an actual identity until Armand gave her his name and she became his wife. After it became evident that the baby had African blood and the identity she had as Armand’s wife was taken away, she could not handle the idea of finding a new identity. Another similarity shared by Mrs. Mallard and Desiree is their death, in both instances provoked by their husbands. The similarities and differences are important because while people might be experiencing the same thing in real life, their attitudes towards it may not be the same along with the outcomes, which could have been a goal of the author’s. As stated earlier, many of Chopin’s works concentrate on women trying to find themselves and in these two cases after the ending of their relationships with their husbands. Whe n reading the biography of Chopin, there is a striking similarity with these two stories in particular. Kate O’Flaherty met and wed a man named Oscar  Chopin around 1869. She lived a happy life with him and had six children and as stated when Kate was only thirty-six year old, her husband died of swamp fever. While she loved her husband dearly, it is believed that she only first begun writing after her husband’s death (Kirszner & Mandell, 77). In a way this resembles the way that Mrs. Mallard only thought her life was beginning after her husband’s death. On the other hand, she could have been portraying her sense of abandonment by her husband in Desiree’s character in â€Å"Desiree’s Baby.† Another reason Chopin writes her characters only release from their troubles as death is because of the time period she lived in. Divorce was often unheard of or taboo. It is easy to see that one of the only main differences is the way that each of the women traveled the path to self-discovery and their outcomes. This in a large part could be from Chopin’s own marriage and life. However, all of her woman characters relate to her own life which helped shape America into a place where freedom and equality for women is possible. Although the women that she created were different, their challenges and accomplishments inspired different aspects of the feminist movement. Chopin’s literary works became highly popular in the late twentieth century and remain popular today. Thus Chopin did not quite spark the flame of the women’s rights movement, but it was tinder that fueled it into what it became. Her literary works will outlive her as a testament of the strength of women and what they can accomplish. Her contributions will survive to inspire women for generations.